Identification of Oral Spiral Bacteria in Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)

摘要

Since 1987, several reports have described spiral bacteria in the oral cavity of several species of psittacine birds, most often, in the choanae of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Woods et al first described sudden death in juvenile cockatiels with clinical signs of excessive choanal and tracheal mucus and mild inflammation in the nasal sinuses. This report and recent avian texts give only brief mention of this organism, referring to itas an unclassified spirochete.