The effect of stress on the densification behavior of a low-temperature cofired borosilicate glass (BSG) + alumina system during constrained sintering of a multilayer BSG + alumina/alumina laminate has been investigated. Poorer densification and larger porous bulk viscosity are observed for the BSG + alumina densified under pressure-less constrained sintering in comparison to free sintering. This is caused by the in-plane tensile stress and anisotropic development generated in the transverse directions of the laminate during constrained sintering. The applied uniaxial stress required in the thickness direction to densify BSG + alumina under constrained sintering at 700-800°C varies in the range of 50-400 kPa, in agreement with those calculated theoretically.
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