ble Mirror Devices (DMDs) have been under development at Texas Instruments for several years, primarily as spatial light modulators for free-space optical applications such as analog phase modulation and digital projection imaging. A DMD consists of one or more electrostatically deflectable micromechanical aluminum mirror elements, including both micromirrors suspended from thin flexible hinges and membranes. These devices are fabricated using low temperature silicon-compatible semiconductor processing techniques, and thus can be monolithically fabricated over any addressing circuitry. In the last few years DMDs have been integrated into optical fiber switching systems, and efforts are underway to integrate them as routing switches onto optical waveguides. The DMDs used for optical fiber switching are torsion-hinged devices similar to those used for projection imaging. These devices have been integrated with multimode fibers to construct a 4 $MUL 4 multimode optical fiber cross-bar switch with a 19 dB optical (80:1) extinction ratio for all 16 channels. Extinction ratios of 73 dB optical (20 $MUL 10$+6$/) have been achieved for single point single mode switches. The waveguide switches currently under development are deformable membranes which are monolithically fabricated on silicon wafers with phosphosilicate glass (PSG) waveguide directional couplers to form optical time delay path selection switches. In this paper we describe the fabrication of deformable mirrors, their integration with optical fibers and waveguides, and the resulting system performance.
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机译:BLE镜像(DMDS)已在德州仪器上开发了几年,主要作为空间光调制器,用于自由空间光学应用,如模拟相位调制和数字投影成像。 DMD由一个或多个静电可偏转的微机械铝镜元件组成,包括悬浮从薄柔性铰链和膜的微镜。这些装置是使用低温硅兼容的半导体处理技术制造的,因此可以在任何寻址电路上单片制造。在过去的几年中,DMDS已集成到光纤切换系统中,并且正在进行努力将它们集成为在光波导上的路由开关。用于光纤切换的DMD是扭转装置,类似于用于投影成像的设备。这些器件已与多模纤维集成,以构造4 $ MUL 4多模光纤跨杆开关,适用于所有16个通道的19dB光学(80:1)消光比。单点单模开关已实现73 dB光学(20 $ MUL 10 $ + 6 $ /)的消灭比。目前正在开发的波导开关是可变形膜,其在硅晶片上用磷硅酸盐玻璃(PSG)波导定向耦合器来形成光学时间延迟路径选择开关。在本文中,我们描述了可变形镜的制造,它们与光纤和波导的整合,以及所得到的系统性能。
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