Extended Shelf Life of Energizer L91 Li-FeS_2 AA Cells

摘要

Energizer has manufactured AA-size Li-FeS_2 cells (L91) since 1990. Ambient temperature shelf data for these cells project shelf life (80% capacity retention) to be greater than 40 years, even when subsequently tested at high rates. If cells are tested at low rates, shelf life is even longer. Microcalorimetry studies of cells show a rather high heat output for fresh cells, but this rapidly fades. Steady-state microcalorimetry readings are very low and support our shelf life predictions. The initial high heat output is related to reactions of the voltage-controlling additives included in the electrolyte. The outstanding shelf life and tolerance for both high and low temperature storage makes Energizer's Li-FeS_2 cells promising candidates as a low-cost replacement for reserve battery applications.