Liver cancer

摘要： Protein kinase Cδ(PKCδ)is a member of the PKC family,and its implications have been reported in various biological and cancerous processes,including cell proliferation,cell death,tumor suppression,and tumor progression.In liver cancer cells,accumulating reports show the bi-functional regulation of PKCδin cell death and survival.PKCδfunction is defined by various factors,such as phosphorylation,catalytic domain cleavage,and subcellular localization.PKCδhas multiple intracellular distribution patterns,ranging from the cytosol to the nucleus.We recently found a unique extracellular localization of PKCδin liver cancer and its growth factor-like function in liver cancer cells.In this review,we first discuss the structural features of PKCδand then focus on the functional diversity of PKCδbased on its subcellular localization,such as the nucleus,cell surface,and extracellular space.These findings improve our knowledge of PKCδinvolvement in the progression of liver cancer.

摘要： Liver cancer remains the dominant cause of cancer-related death, despite the advent of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore novel chemotherapeutic agents and effective strategies against the cancer. There are a lot of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids in L. lancilimba. It has been reported that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids have certain anti-tumor effects. Literature investigation has also shown that Litsea lancilimba Merr. has antibacterial and antiviral effects. In this experiment, we used network pharmacology to screen the active compounds from L. lancilimba and their potential targets for treating liver cancer. Four active volatile oil ingredients and four potential targets have been identified. Our results provide the lead compound from L. lancilimba in the treatment of liver cancer.

摘要： Objective:The eukaryotic release factor 3a(eRF3a),a member of the eukaryotic peptide chain release factor family,is overexpressed in several types of cancer.This study aims to investigate the biological role and mechanism of eRF3a in the progression of liver cancer.

摘要： Hepatic malignancy is a major indication for liver transplantation;however,post-tra ns plant cancer recurrence is an emerging clinical challenge affecting long-term outcomes.Pre-tra ns plant tumor biology,staging,and post-transplant immunosuppression regimens have been elucidated as risk factors for recurrent liver cancer.However,increasing evidence indicates that hepatic ischemia and reperfusion(IR)injury to allografts are crucial to providing a favorable immunologic microenvironment for cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis after liver transplantation.The association of severe graft injury in marginal grafts,such as small-for-size or fatty grafts,with lower recurrence-free survival rates in living donor liver transplantations,substantiates the correlation between hepatic IR injury and cancer recurrence.IR has been demonstrated to trigger intrahepatic immunological microenvironment remodeling,including pro-inflammatory responses exacerbating graft injury and anti-inflammatory responses promoting tissue repair.However,the role of regional immunity in post-transplant cancer recurrence is not comprehensively understood.This review describes the up-to-date evidence of the intrahepatic humoral microenvironment and regional regulatory immunological microenvironment induced by IR injury,as well as their roles in cancer recurrence after liver transplantation.A comprehensive understanding of regional immunity will provide novel precise diagnostic,therapeutic,and prognostic strategies for post-transplant cancer recurrence.

摘要： Objective:To screen clinically significant potential drug targets in liver cancer and to study the function and potential molecular mechanisms of this target protein in the development of liver cancer.Methods:By using the clinical database GEPIAto find genes that are differentially expressed in liver cancer compared to normal tissues,we further screened the genes that are highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and have clinical prognostic relevance.Heat maps were used to sort these genes according to their clinical prognostic relevance,so as to screen for the target gene of interest.The characteristics of target gene expression and clinical prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma were studied.The target gene was knocked down through siRNA,and cell proliferation experiments and apoptosis experiments were used to verify the importance of the target gene in the occurrence and development of liver cancer.Finally,we elucidated the potential molecular mechanism of the target gene's function in liver cancer based on the mutual regulatory relationship between the target gene and key apoptosis genes.Results:1482 genes were significantly underexpressed in liver cancer,and 725 genes were significantly overexpressed in liver cancer,of which RNaseH2A was significantly overexpressed in liver cancer and had a significant clinical prognosis.Knockdown of RNaseH2A inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and induced apoptosis.Knockdown of RNaseH2A induced the high expression of Fas,a key gene for apoptosis,and liver cancer usually features low expression of Fas.After hepatocellular carcinoma cells that were knocked down of RNaseH2A continued were subject to Fas knockdown,hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and apoptosis returned to normal levels.Conclusion:The high expression of RNaseH2A regulates the low expression of Fas,a key gene for apoptosis,thereby inhibiting apoptosis,promoting cell proliferation,and participating in the development of liver cancer.

摘要： BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignancies(MPMs)refer to more than one primary malignancy in the same or separate organs of the same patient,and MPMs are considered when different histological characteristics are detected in epidemiological studies.Herein,we report a case presumed to be primary pancreatic cancer with multiple liver metastases by positron-emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)and confirmed to be synchronous liver and pancreatic MPMs by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUSFNA).CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to abdominal discomfort for 2 mo.Abdominal CT at a local hospital revealed a pancreatic mass with multiple liver nodules.After being transferred to our hospital,PET/CT confirmed all these lesions to have elevated metabolic activity,and therefore primary pancreatic cancer with multiple liver metastases was considered.EUS-guided liver aspiration unexpectedly found signet-ring cells with a high Ki-67 positive rate(20%),while EUS-guided pancreatic aspiration detected pancreatic neuroendocrine cells with a relatively low Ki-67 positive rate(1%).The final diagnosis from the multidisciplinary team was simultaneous liver and pancreatic MPMs.The patient returned to his local hospital for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery,and he is still alive during the 6-mo postoperative follow-up.CONCLUSION Although rare,MPMs should be considered when treating pancreatic mass with suspected metastatic lesions,and EUS-FNA has proved minimally invasive and accurate.

摘要： BACKGROUND Secondary thyroid malignancies are rarely reported,especially thyroid metastasis after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).We report a patient with thyroid metastasis after resection of HCC.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old female underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC three years ago.She attended hospital because of neck discomfort.After various examinations,she was diagnosed with metastatic HCC.She survived after surgical resection of the affected side of the thyroid.CONCLUSION Although secondary malignant tumor of the thyroid is classified as distant metastasis,surgical resection is still necessary according to the patient's condition.

摘要： Liver cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death.As the clinical treatment for this disease is not satisfactory,it is urgent to discover new medications to treat liver cancer.Elephantopus tomentosus L.is a traditional whole grass herb,which contains sesquiterpene lactones,triterpenoids,aldehyde caffeic with good anti-tumor effect.In this study,molecular docking and network analysis were carried out to identify the active compounds,and predict the potential targets of E.tomentosus for the treatment of liver cancer.These attempts may provide insights for finding novel lead compounds for the treatment of liver cancer.

摘要： Cancer has become the most life-threatening disease in the world.Mutations in and aberrant expression of genes encoding proteins and mutations in noncoding RNAs,especially long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),have significant effects in human cancers.LncRNAs have no protein-coding ability but function extensively in numerous physiological and pathological processes.Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3(SNHG3)is a novel lncRNA and has been reported to be differentially expressed in various tumors,such as liver cancer,gastric cancer,and glioma.However,the interaction mechanisms for the regulation between SNHG3 and tumor progression are poorly understood.In this review,we summarize the results of SNHG3 studies in humans,animal models,and cells to underline the expression and role of SNHG3 in cancer.SNHG3 expression is upregulated in most tumors and is detrimental to patient prognosis.SNHG3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial.Concurrently,SNHG3 affects oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through various mechanisms,including competing endogenous RNA effects.A deeper understanding of the contribution of SNHG3 in clinical applications and tumor development may provide a new target for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

摘要： Liver cancer is the second most occurring cancer worldwide and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common(80%-90%)type among malignant liver cancers.Sarcopenia occurs very early in HCC and can predict and provide an opportunity to improve muscle health before engaging in the treatment options such as loco-regional,systemic,and transplant management.Multiple prognostic stating systems have been developed in HCC,such as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer,Child-Pugh score and Albumin-Bilirubin grade.However,the evaluation of patients’performance status is a major limitation of these scoring systems.In this review,we aim to summarize the current knowledge and recent advances about the role of sarcopenia in cirrhosis in general,while focusing specifically on HCC.Additionally,the role of sarcopenia in predicting clinical outcomes and prognostication in HCC patients undergoing loco-regional therapies,liver resection,liver transplantation and systematic therapy has been discussed.A literature review was performed using databases PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane,Web of Science,and CINAHL on April 1,2021,to identify published reports on sarcopenia in HCC.Sarcopenia can independently predict HCC-related mortality especially in patients undergoing treatments such as loco-regional,surgical liver transplantation and systemic therapies.Basic research is focused on evaluating a balance of anabolic and catabolic pathways responsible for muscle health.Early clinical studies have shown promising results in methods to improve sarcopenia in HCC which can potentially increase prognosis in these patients.As sarcopenia occurs very early in HCC,it can predict and provide an opportunity to improve muscle health before engaging in the treatment options such as loco-regional,systemic,and transplant management.Further,sarcopenia measurement can obviate the confounding caused by the abdominal ascites in these patients.The use of sarcopenia can add to the existing scoring systems to better prognosticate the HCC.