摘要：
为研究有效微生物群( effective microorganisms ,EM )和土壤改良剂混施在烤烟生产上的效果,采用田间随机区组试验调查了混施EM菌和土壤改良剂对烤烟大田期农艺性状及烟叶产量和质量的影响.结果表明：混施EM菌和土壤改良剂可促进烟株田间长势,在烤烟成熟期表现尤为明显；在常规地膜移栽和井窖式移栽模式下,混施EM菌和土壤改良剂可提高烟叶产量并优化其等级结构,其中,产量分别达到1909.31 kg/hm2和2134.91 kg/hm2,较对照分别提高5.21％和7.13％,产值分别达到29460.69元/hm2和35162.05元/hm2,除去EM 菌和土壤改良剂施用成本后,产值较对照分别提高3.84％和8.72％；在化学成分方面,混施EM菌和土壤改良剂可提高初烤烟叶烟碱、钾和氯含量,降低总糖含量、施木克值和糖碱比,提高两糖比(还原糖/总糖),降低两糖差值；混施EM菌和土壤改良剂可提高烟叶评吸质量,评吸总得分分别提高2.30和2.67.综上所述,混施 EM 菌和土壤改良剂在优化烟叶等级结构、提高烟叶产质量上具有实用价值.%Summary Flue‐cured tobacco is a major cash crop in China . Due to the scarcity of land resources , continuous cropping of tobacco was very common all over the country . However , the continuous cropping phenomenon would lead to change of soil properties and nutrient imbalance , seriously affecting yield and economic merits of tobacco . Therefore , it was quite necessary to optimize the soil microbial environment and promote the effective absorption and utilization of fertilizers , to improve the yield and quality of flue‐cured tobacco . It has been reported that soil amendments could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil , as well as the nutrient status , which could also regulate pH and organic matter of soil to increase the availability of N , P and K contents . In a word , soil amendments were effective to promote the productivity of degraded soils . Microbial fertilizer could improve the micro‐environment of plant rhizosphere , by increasing the diversity of microbial species and improving grow th and nutrient absorption capacity of root . n There have been many reports about the effect of microbial fertilizer or soil amendment application on growth and development of crops , but the mixed application effect of microbial fertilizer and soil amendments was rarely mentioned . In this study , the combining effects of effective microorganisms ( EM ) and soil amendments on agronomic characteristic and quality of flue‐cured tobacco were investigated . n A field trial designed as randomized block was carried out to reveal the effects of EM and soil amendment treatments ( T1 :conventional film transplanting ;T2 :conventional film transplanting + EM + soil amendments ;T3 :well cellar type transplanting ;T4 :well cellar type transplanting + EM + soil amendments) on leaves , root and stem development of flue‐cured tobacco during the growth period . Meanwhile , the effects of different treatments on yield and quality of flue‐cured tobacco were discussed . n The results showed that the mixed application of EM and soil amendments promoted the growth of tobacco plant , especially at the maturity stage . Simultaneously , the mixed application of EM and soil amendments also improved the yield and quality of tobacco leaves , and optimized the grade of tobacco leaves . The yields of T2 and T4 treatments were 1 909 .31 kg/hm2 and 2 134 .91 kg/hm2 , which were higher than those of T1 and T3 by 5 .21%and 7 .13% , respectively . The output values of T2 and T4 were 29 460 .69 Chinese Yuan/hm2 and 35 162 .05 Chinese Yuan/hm2 , higher than those of corresponding controls ( T1 and T3 ) by 3 .84% and 8 .72% , respectively . For chemical composition , the mixed application of EM and soil amendments increased the contents of nicotine , potassium and chlorine , but decreased the content of total sugar in flue‐cured tobacco leaves . Furthermore , the mixed application of EM and soil amendments reduced the Schmuck value and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine , increased the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar . The treatments with EM and soil amendments enhanced the sensory quality of flue‐cured tobacco leaves , and the total scores of T2 and T4 increased 2 .30 and 2 .67 , respectively , compared with the corresponding controls ( T1 and T3 ) . n In a word , the mixed application of EM and soil amendments shows practical value not only in improving the grade of the flue‐cured tobacco leaves , but also improving their yields and quality .
