A repeating setpoint generator module selectively changes a setpoint for an output parameter according to a predetermined pattern repeating for successive time intervals. A closed-loop module comprises: (i) N setpoints at N time points during a first of the time intervals; and (ii) a first of the time intervals; Generate, during a first of the time intervals, N closed-loop values based on the N differences between the N output parameter measurements at the N time points during the time interval. An adjustment module is configured to each: (i) N set values at N time points during a second one of the time intervals; and (ii) for a second one of the time intervals. Generate, during a first of the time intervals, N adjustment values based on the N differences between the N output parameter measurements at the N time points.
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