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Improvements in or relating to radar systems and analogous pressure wave systems

机译:雷达系统和类似压力波系统或与之相关的改进

摘要

743,521. Radar. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd. May 11, 1951 [June 8, 1950], No. 14365/50. Class 40 (7). In a radar system in which a number of continuous waves of different frequencies are transmitted, the range of the moving target is determined by means of the Doppler effect. The phases of the Doppler beat notes produced.in the different frequencies are compared to give the range of either approaching or receding targets and separation of the two types of target is effected. The range indicating devices may be either cathode-ray tubes or phase clocks and cathode-ray radial coder tubes having internal or external electrode contact systems may be used to provide output voltages linearly proportional to the target range. Both two and three transmitted frequencies may be employed and the separation of echo signals from approaching and receding targets is effected by either a filter system or the range indicating device, e.g. a phase clock or a double beam cathode-ray tube. With the cathode-ray type indicators, target selection, in accordance with velocity, may be effected by means of either a number of sequentially selectable narrow-band filters, or by means of spectrum analysing filters. First embodiment. Separation of approaching and receding targets by filter systems. In Fig. 1D, two frequencies are transmitted from O1, O2 and received, after reflection at RA where the separation of the Doppler signals from approaching and receding targets is effected by the filters UF1, UF2 and LF1, LF2. The filter outputs are applied to a phase comparison device calibrated in range. In Fig. 8, the Doppler frequencies from approaching and receding targets are separated by means (not shown) and then applied to a series of selectable narrow band filters which are scanned in unison by the switches SWX, SWY. The filter of the series, appropriate to the Doppler frequency and therefore to the target speed, developes an output signal which, after conversion to a pulse train, is applied to the phase comparison cathode-ray tubes CR1, CR2 which indicate range and velocity. In a modification, Fig. 9 (not shown), the band filters are replaced by spectrum analysing filters and a sweeping oscillator. In a further modification, Fig. 13 (not shown), the output from a series of scanned filters, of the type shown in Fig. 8, is applied to phase comparing circuits so as to produce circular deflection in fine and coarse radial coder tubes. The radial coder tubes consist of cathode-ray switching tubes having contacts arranged such that the beam position is defined by the contacts impacted by the beam. The contacts are connected to a translating device which provides an output voltage linearly proportional to the beam position. Second embodiment. Separation of approaching and receding targets by means of the rangeindicating device. In Fig. 3, three frequencies are transmitted from oscillators O1, O2, O3, the three target echoes are received at RA and the corresponding Doppler frequencies are derived at the mixers MM1, MM2, MM3 and Doppler frequency filters DF1, DF2, DF3 and applied through the phase comparing devices PC13, PC123 to the reversible phase clock DPC. In Fig. 10 (not shown), the Doppler frequencies are derived as in Fig. 3, converted into pulse trains and then applied to double beam C.R.T. which indicates range on fine and coarse scales. In Fig. 11 (not shown), the Doppler frequencies are again derived as in Fig. 3 and are applied to spectrum analysing filters the output from which are phase compared and then applied to two cathode-ray tubes which indicate coarse and fine range measurements and target velocity. In Fig. 12 (not shown), the indicating cathode-ray tubes of Fig. 11 are replaced by storage cathode-ray tubes which may be scanned so as to transfer the signals for display on PPI cathode-ray tubes.
机译:743,521。雷达。马可尼无线通讯有限公司。1951年5月11日[1950年6月8日],编号14365/50。 40级(7)。在其中发射许多不同频率的连续波的雷达系统中,借助于多普勒效应来确定移动目标的范围。比较在不同频率下产生的多普勒节拍音符的相位,以得出接近或后退目标的范围,并实现两种目标的分离。范围指示装置可以是阴极射线管或相位时钟,并且具有内部或外部电极接触系统的阴极射线径向编码器管可用于提供与目标范围线性成比例的输出电压。既可以采用两个发射频率,也可以采用三个发射频率,并且回波信号与接近和后退目标的分离是通过滤波器系统或距离指示装置,例如雷达系统,来实现的。相位时钟或双束阴极射线管。对于阴极射线类型指示器,可以根据速度通过多个顺序可选择的窄带滤波器或频谱分析滤波器来实现目标选择。第一实施例。过滤系统将接近目标和后退目标分开。在图1D中,在RA反射之后,从O1,O2发射并接收两个频率,其中多普勒信号与接近目标和后退目标的分离由滤波器UF1,UF2和LF1,LF2实现。滤波器输出被施加到在范围内校准的相位比较设备。在图8中,来自进近目标和后退目标的多普勒频率通过装置(未示出)分离,然后施加到一系列可选的窄带滤波器上,这些窄带滤波器由开关SWX,SWY一致地扫描。该系列的滤波器适合于多普勒频率并因此适合于目标速度,其产生输出信号,该信号转换成脉冲串后,被施加到指示范围和速度的相位比较阴极射线管CR1,CR2。在图9的变型中(未示出),频带滤波器被频谱分析滤波器和扫描振荡器代替。在进一步的修改中,图13(未示出),来自图8所示类型的一系列扫描滤波器的输出被应用于相位比较电路,以在细和粗径向编码器管中产生圆偏角。 。径向编码器管由阴极射线开关管组成,阴极射线开关管的触点布置成使得光束位置由受光束撞击的触点确定。触点连接到转换装置,该转换装置提供与电子束位置成线性比例的输出电压。第二实施例。通过测距指示装置将接近目标和后退目标分开。在图3中,从振荡器O1,O2,O3发送三个频率,在RA处接收三个目标回波,并在混频器MM1,MM2,MM3和多普勒频率滤波器DF1,DF2,DF3和通过相位比较设备PC13,PC123施加到可逆相位时钟DPC。在图10(未示出)中,如图3所示得出多普勒频率,将其转换成脉冲序列,然后加到双光束C.R.T上。表示精细和粗略范围的范围。在图11(未示出)中,再次如图3所示推导多普勒频率,并将其应用于频谱分析滤波器,对其输出进行相位比较,然后应用于表示粗略和精细范围测量的两个阴极射线管和目标速度。在图12(未示出)中,图11的指示阴极射线管被存储阴极射线管所替代,该存储阴极射线管可以被扫描以便传输用于在PPI阴极射线管上显示的信号。

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