The lubricant (I) comprises a polymer of mol.wt. 1,000-10,000, with at least one basic or cationic N atom in the mol, its counter ion being borate or the anion of a P-contg. acid. The polymer may be a cationic or amphoteric addn. polymer, a ring-opened polymer, a polycondensation prod., or a salt or quaternary ammonium salt of a natural polymer deriv. - Aq. solns. contg. 100-50,000 (pref. 1,000-50,000) ppm (I) are useful as coolant/lubricants in metal working, including plastic forming, forming by cutting, and grinding. Their load-bearing capacity is at least as high as conventional water-sol. lubricants; worked surfaces are left clean; metal powder and oil contamination are dispersed; and waste water treatment is simplified DEAB- DE3340551 C A lubricant comprises (A) a water soluble polymer of mol. wt. 10(3)-10(7), (10(4)-10(6)) of (a) a cpd. Y-C(O)-X-(CH2)n-NR'2, Y-(CH2)n-NR'2, Y-Q, Y-Q'-R' or Y-Q''-CH2-NR'2, X is O or NH; Y is CH2=C(R)-; R is H or Me; each R' is R or Et; each n is 1, 2 or 3; Q is pyridyl; Q' is piperidyl; Q'' is p-phenylene; and Q and Q' are substd. on the 2- or 4-position, (b) a copolymer of a (salt) of one of the above cpds. and a vinyl monomer, (c) a (salt) of ring opened polyethyleneimine, (d) a (salt) of polycondensation prods. of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and polyethylene polyamine or dipolyoxyethylene alkylamines, (e) a (salt) of polycondensation of dihalogen alkane polyalkylene polyamines, (f) a (salt) of epihalohydrin-amine-polycondensation prods., (b) a (salt) of chitosan and cationised prods. of starch or cellulose, (salt) is a (quat. ammonium) salt and (B) a counter ion of H3BO3 or a P cpd., (h) H3PO4, phosphinic acid or the thio cpds., (i) mono- or diphosphates of organic OH-cpds. or the thio cpds., (j) Z-P(=O)(OH)2, (k) Z2P(=O)-OH, (m) Z-O(OH)2 or (n) Z2PHO, Z is 1-8C alkyl or allyl.
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