Cationic gemini and related multiple hydrophilic/hydrophobic functional compounds and their use as surfactants.

摘要

A compound of general formula (I), (II), or (III): wherein each of R1 through R20 are independently selected from straight or branched chain, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C22 alkyl or alkenyl groups, wherein said alkyl or alkenyl groups optionally contain at least one ester linkage, at least one amide linkage, or mixtures thereof; A is a space group of formula (1) or (2), (3) or an amide group; and X1 and X2 are the same or different and are selected from C1-C22 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C1-C22 substituted, or unsubstituted alkenyl wherein said alkyl or alkenyl group optionally contain at least one ester linkage; and wherein in each of formula (I), (II) and (III), Z is an anion, with the proviso that R15 and R20 are not the same. The invention also relates to a compound of formula (IV) wherein R21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, and R28 are the same or different and are selected from straight or branched chain, substituted, or unsubstituted C1-C22 alkyl or alkenyl groups, wherein said alkyl or alkenyl groups optionally contain at least one ester linkage, at least one amide linkage or mixtures thereof, and where x and y are each independently an integer of from 1-20, n is greater than 1 and Z is an anion, and to processes for preparing these compounds.