SINGLE-PARTICLE QUANTUM-ENHANCED SECRET SHARING

摘要

A single-particle quantum-enhanced secret sharing (QESS) system (10) and protocol (method) are disclosed. The system includes a distributor (D) that prepares single-particle qubits, such as photons (Y), in one of a number of possible initial states, such as an initial polarization states. The distributor then distributes the qubits to each of a number recipients (RJ) that each randomly encodes the qubit with encoding states that fall into one of two encoding classes. The final state of the qubit is then measured by an encoded-state analyzer (86). Each recipient shares the encoding class used to encode the qubit, which allows the distributor to establish which distributions of qubits constitute valid runs (VR) resulting in correlated and anti-correlated qubit measurements. The recipients share their encoding information with one another for the valid runs to establish the distributor's initial encoded state, which represents corresponding logical states (e.g., 0 and 1). The collective sharing among the parties allows the parties to share a secret message (information).