The present invention relates to gradients of artificial receptors or building blocks, methods of making the gradients, and methods employing the gradients. The gradient can include one or more building blocks. The gradient can include change in any of a variety of characteristics of the artificial receptor or building block including change in the concentration of an artificial receptor or building block; change in the identity of an artificial receptor or building block; change in the topography of an artificial receptor or building block; change in the mode of binding of an artificial receptor or building block to the support; change in the lawn or lawn modifier; change in charge, volume, lipophilicity, or hydrophilicity of the artificial receptor or building block; or change in a molecular descriptors for the artificial receptor or building block.
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