Process and installation for processing the extractive sunflower-seed cake, meant for foddering

摘要

The invention relates to a process and an installation for waste-free processing of extractive sunflower-seed cake and may be used in the livestock-breeding for animal foddering.The process for waste-free processing of extractive sunflower-seed cake, meant for foddering includes separation of the extractive cake, consisting of husks, particles of grain and husk with adherent grain particles depending on the particle dimension into two fractions with different contents of crude protein and cellulose by at least single sieving, obtaining of a fraction with increased content of crude protein, suitable as fodder for nonruminant animals, and a fraction with low content of crude protein, suitable as fodder for ruminant animals. The particles of the extractive cake are subjected to mechanical structurization and comminution by grinding, at the same time the grain particles adherent to the husk are separated for further decomposition of the coarse husk fibers and improvement of its structure. The particles are sized by sieving, separating the coarse particles that do not pass through the sieve insertion, which then by air separation are separated according to their specific gravity. The light particles obtained by air separation, formed mainly from husk elements, are collected in the fraction with an increased content of crude cellulose - upwards of 15% and with a low content of crude protein, and the particles with high specific weight, formed mainly from grain particles or grain particles with adherent husk, are collected in the fraction with an increased content of crude protein - upwards of 40% and a low content of crude cellulose below 10%.The installation for realization of the above-mentioned process includes a loading reservoir (1) with metering screw conveyer (2) for uniform controllable admission of the extractive cake into a device (29) for clot breaking and for extractive cake grinding, to which there are consecutively joined up at least two combinations, consisting of a sieving device (5, 6, 7, 8), an air separator (9, 10, 11, 12) and a fan (13, 15, 17, 19) with separator (14, 16, 18, 20) with unloading sluice (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a). Each sieving device is coupled with the corresponding air separator for transportation of coarse particles, which do not pass through the sieve, and the following sieving device for transportation of light particles, which pass through the sieve, by means of junction lines (5a, 6a, 7a, 8a and 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, correspondingly), at the same time at least the second and each of the following sieving device (6, 7, 8) is additionally equipped with an internal mobile grinding device (6e, 7e, 8e), and each air separator (9, 10, 11, 12) is joined up with the corresponding fan (13, 15, 17, 19) and separator (14, 16, 18, 20), by means of a suction pipe-line (9b, 10b, 11b, 12b) for sucking off the coarse particles with reduced specific weight, containing crude cellulose, at the same time the sucked off light particles are fed through the unloading sluices (14a, 16a, 18a, 20a) and the junction lines (14b, 16b, 18b, 20b) into a collection reservoir (31) for the fraction containing crude cellulose. The installation also comprises a turbine separator (21), joined by means of a junction line (21d) with the collection reservoir (31). To the turbine separator (21) there are connected ventilation pipes (14c, 16c, 18c, 20c) of the fans (13, 15, 17, 19). The outlet (9a, 10a, 11a) of each air separator (9, 10, 11), with the exception of the latter (12), is joined by means of a junction line (9c, 10c, 11c) with a common grinding device (22…25) for the particles with adherent grain particles containing crude protein, and the outlet (8b) of the last sieving device (8) and the outlet (12a) of the last air separator (12), by means of a two-pass valve unit (26d) and junction lines (12d and 12c, correspondingly) are joined with the collection reservoir (50) for the fraction containing protein, and with the collection reservoir (31) for the fraction containing crude cellulose, and the outlet (24a) of the grinding device (22…25) is joined with the inlet of the first sieving device (5) by means of a feeding unit (3).