A method for testing the leaktightness of a tank with respect to a gas exhibiting an infrared signature comprises the steps consisting in: introducing the gas into an exterior space (5) of the metallic membrane (3), producing an overpressure in the exterior space of the metallic membrane with respect to the interior space of the tank, emitting an infrared radiation (21) into a monitoring zone (9) comprising a zone of the interior surface of the metallic membrane, the infrared radiation comprising a wavelength range absorbable by the gas, acquiring images (25) of the monitoring zone with the aid of an infrared sensor (8) sensitive to the absorbable wavelength range, the infrared sensor being disposed in the interior space of the tank in such a way as to receive an infrared radiation (22) reflected by the interior surface of the metallic membrane, processing the images (25) to detect the presence of the gas (7) in the monitoring zone.
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