Analog circuit made with digital parts can be made at deep sub-micron feature size. The use of capacitor ladders, configured to be switched from series to parallel to series electronically, permit precision outputs to be achieved without precision parts. This invention is operable in two phases, “Sample” and “Calculate (or Reference)” During the sample phase, input voltage is stored as charge, and in the calculate phase, the charges are re-arranged to perform the desired mathematical operation; while the output is expressed with a mechanism that supplies the calculated voltage at necessary current without consuming charge.
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