The present invention provides: a preventive maintenance construction method for a steel structure, said method making it possible to greatly shorten the work period and greatly reduce costs; and a circulation-type blasting device that is used in said method. Provided is a preventive maintenance construction method that uses a circulation-type blasting device (1) that is capable of spraying grit and shot, wherein blasting treatment is performed on a steel bridge (K) using grit, shot peening treatment is performed using shot on a blasting-treated portion in order to improve fatigue strength, and a final finish coating is then applied to the shot peening-treated portion.
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