The present invention is directed to the process of producing mesophase pitch by hydrogenation of high temperature coal tar, removing salts and insoluble quinoline from high temperature coal tar to obtain a pure oil; Use of pure oil as the hydrogenation feed oil, or pre-distillation of the pure oil to obtain a bottom component with a boiling point above 230 0 C and forming the bottom component into a hydrogenation feed oil; Purifying said hydrogenation feed oil by catalytic hydrogenation to obtain a purified hydrogenated oil; Distilling the purified hydrogenated oil to obtain a hydrogenated pitch; And thermal condensation polymerization of the hydrogenated pitch to obtain mesophase pitch. This process makes it easy to control the degree of hydrogenation, to completely remove impurities, to improve the dispersibility of the raw materials, to be insensitive to carbon deposition and coking during the process, and to prevent clogging of the reactor. The product has a high mesophase pitch content, a low softening point and a low impurity content.
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