Provided are a drum-shaped gear coupling and a gear drive system provided with same. The drum-shaped gear coupling comprises: a sleeve (10), the sleeve (10) comprising a sleeve body (11) and an inner toothed portion (12) arranged on an inner peripheral face of the sleeve body (11); a drum-shaped gear (20), wherein at least part of the drum-shaped gear (20) is arranged in a cavity of the sleeve (10), the drum-shaped gear (20) comprises a sheath body (21), an extension portion (22) and a drum-shaped toothed portion (23), the extension portion (22) extends from a first end of the sheath body (21) to a second end of the sheath body (21), a ring-shaped gap (24) provided with an opening is formed between the extension portion (22) and the sheath body (21), the drum-shaped toothed portion (23) is arranged on an outer peripheral face of the extension portion (22), the drum-shaped toothed portion (23) meshes with the inner toothed portion (12), the drum-shaped gear (20) can swing and axially move relative to the sleeve (10), and an outer peripheral face of the sheath body (21) is provided with a first arc-shaped face (211) protruding outwards; and a ring-shaped sealing portion (50), wherein the ring-shaped sealing portion (50) is sheathed on the outer peripheral face of the sheath body (21), a first end of the ring-shaped sealing portion (50) is in contact with the first arc-shaped face (211), and a second end of the ring-shaped sealing portion (50) is directly or indirectly connected to the sleeve body (11). The solution can solve the problem of the poor sealing performance of the drum-shaped gear coupling.
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