The present invention relates to a method for preparing a nanofiber composite including a high conductive valve metal oxide and a nanofiber composite prepared thereby, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a nanofiber composite which can be used as an electrode active material for a secondary battery or a catalyst. According to the method of an embodiment of the present invention, a shape of a crystal of a valve metal oxide can be easily changed at a relatively low temperature through primary and secondary heat treatments. In particular, the nanofiber composite prepared by the method of the present invention has a band gap of 1.5 to 2.5 eV, thereby increasing a reflection degree in an UV-NIR region. In addition, the nanofiber composite can be applied as an electrode active material, and the valve metal oxide included in the nanofiber composite forms an oxygen-deficient crystal, thereby easily inserting and detaching charge carriers having a large ionic radius.
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