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Value of flexible resources, virtual bidding, and self-scheduling in two-settlement electricity markets with wind generation - Part II

机译:具有风力发电的双结算电力市场中灵活资源,虚拟投标和自我调度的价值 - 第二部分

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摘要

In Part II of this paper, we present formulations for three two-settlement market models: baseline cost-minimization (Stoch-Opt); and two sequential market models in which an independent system operator (ISO) runs real-time (RT) balancing markets after making day-ahead (DA) generating unit commitment decisions based upon deterministic wind forecasts, while virtual bidders arbitrage the two markets (Seq and SeqSS). The latter two models differ in terms of whether some slow-start generators can self-schedule in the DA market while anticipating probabilities of RT prices. Models in Seq and Seq-SS build on components of the two-settlement equilibrium model (Stoch-MP) defined in Part I of this paper [1]. We then provide numerical results for all four models. A simple single-node case illustrates the economic impacts of flexibility, virtual bidding, and self-schedules, and is followed by a larger case study based on the 24-node IEEE reliability test system. Their results confirm that flexible resources, including fast-start generators and demand response, can reduce expected costs in a sequential two-settlement market. In addition, virtual bidders can also improve the functioning of sequential markets. In some circumstances, virtual bidders (together with self-scheduling by slow-start generators) enable deterministic ISO DA markets to obtain the least (expected) cost unit commitments.
机译:在本文的第二部分中,我们介绍了三种两结算模式的市场模型:基准成本最小化(Stoch-Opt);以及两个顺序市场模型,其中独立系统运营商(ISO)在基于确定性风能预测做出提前(DA)生成单位承诺决策后运行实时(RT)平衡市场,而虚拟竞标者在两个市场套利(Seq和SeqSS)。后两种模型在某些慢启动发电机是否可以在DA市场中进行自调度同时预测RT价格的可能性方面有所不同。 Seq和Seq-SS中的模型建立在本文第一部分[1]中定义的两资产均衡模型(Stoch-MP)的基础上。然后,我们提供所有四个模型的数值结果。一个简单的单节点案例说明了灵活性,虚拟出价和自调度的经济影响,随后是基于24节点IEEE可靠性测试系统的大型案例研究。他们的结果证实,灵活的资源(包括快速启动的发电机和需求响应)可以降低相继的两定额市场的预期成本。此外,虚拟竞标者还可以改善顺序市场的功能。在某些情况下,虚拟竞标者(与缓慢启动的发电机进行自我调度)可以使确定性的ISO DA市场获得最低(预期)的成本单位承诺。

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