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A model for electric field enhancement in lightning leader tips to levels allowing X-ray and γ ray emissions

机译:雷电引线尖端电场增强模型,允许X射线和γ射线发射

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摘要

A model is proposed capable of accounting for the local electric field increase in front of the lightning stepped leader up to magnitudes allowing front electrons to overcome the runaway energy threshold and thus to initiate relativistic runaway electron avalanches capable of generating X-ray and ray bursts observed in negative lightning leader. The model is based on an idea that an ionization wave, propagating in a preionized channel, is being focused, such that its front remains narrow and the front electric field is being enhanced. It is proposed that when a space leader segment, formed ahead of a negative lightning leader, connects to the leader, the electric potential of the leader is transferred through the space leader in an ionizing wave that continues into the partly ionized channels of preexisting streamers of the space leader. It is shown with numerical simulations that the ionization channels of streamers limit the lateral expansion of the ionization wave, thereby enhancing the peak electric field to values allowing an acceleration of low-energy electrons into the runaway regime where electrons efficiently generate bremsstrahlung. The results suggest that the inhomogeneous ionization environment at the new leader tip amplifies the production rate of energetic electrons relative to a homogeneous environment considered in the past studies.
机译:提出了一种模型,该模型能够解释雷电阶梯状引线前局部电场的增加,直至达到允许前电子克服失控能量阈值的幅度,从而引发相对论失控电子雪崩,该雪崩能够产生观察到的X射线和射线爆发在负面的闪电领袖。该模型基于这样的思想,即聚焦在预电离通道中传播的电离波,使其前部保持狭窄,并增强前部电场。有人建议,当在负的闪电引出线之前形成的空间引出线段连接到引出线时,引出线的电位通过电离波通过空间引出线转移,该电离波继续进入已预先存在的of流的部分电离通道中。太空领袖。通过数值模拟表明,拖缆的电离通道限制了电离波的横向扩展,从而将峰值电场增强到允许低能电子加速进入失控状态的值,在此电子有效地产生了ms致辐射。结果表明,相对于过去研究中考虑的均匀环境,新的先导尖端的不均匀电离环境放大了高能电子的生产率。

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