This paper provides a detailed description and analysis of habitat and management differences between 89 pairs of organic and non-organic fields on 161 farms containing arable crops distributed throughout England. Data were derived at different scales ranging from field to landscape scale using a range of methods including: land manager questionnaires, habitat surveys and the use of large-scale landscape datasets. Organic farms were situated in inherently more diverse landscape types, had smaller field sizes, higher, wider and less gappy hedgerows subject to less frequent management, used rotational practices including grass, were more likely to be mixed farms and did not use artificial fertilisers and pesticides.ududOrganic farms were associated with heterogeneous landscape types. However, even in such landscape types the organic farming system produced greater field and farm complexity than farms employing a non-organic system. The findings of the study point to the importance of organic farming systems for maintaining landscape and local complexity with consequent benefits for biodiversity in arable farming landscapes.
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机译：本文详细描述和分析了161个农场（分布在英格兰各地）中89对有机和非有机田间的生境和管理差异。数据是使用多种方法从田地到景观尺度的不同尺度上得出的，这些方法包括：土地管理者调查表，栖息地调查以及大规模景观数据集的使用。有机农场本来就具有多种多样的景观类型，田地面积较小，篱笆墙更高，更宽和更少，且管理频率较低，采用了包括草在内的轮作，更可能是混合农场，并且没有使用人工肥料和杀虫剂。 ud ud有机农场与异质景观类型相关。然而，即使在这种景观类型中，有机耕作系统也比采用非有机耕作系统的农场产生更大的田地和农场复杂性。该研究的结果指出，有机耕作制度对于维持景观和当地复杂性以及对耕作景观中生物多样性的益处至关重要。
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