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Sediment gases as indicators of subsurface hydrocarbon generation and entrapment - examining the record both in laboratory and field studies

机译:沉积物气体作为地下碳氢化合物生成和捕获的指标 - 在实验室和实地研究中检查记录

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摘要

Surface geochemistry, the measurement of near-surface hydrocarbons, hasbeen used by the petroleum industry for more than 80 years to explore forsubsurface petroleum deposits. The fact that hydrocarbons generated deep inthe sedimentary section from thermally mature organic rich rocks can migrateto the near-surface in measurable concentrations is well documented but themethods currently used by industry to extract and measure these near-surfacemigrated hydrocarbons have not been rigorously tested. One of the key goalsin this PhD research effort is to determine the best procedures to removemigrated hydrocarbon gases (C1 to C5) from near-surface marine sedimentswith minimal fractionation based on laboratory experiments and fieldcalibration studies. A second key goal is evaluate procedures to evaluate nearsurfacesediment gasoline range hydrocarbons (C5 to C10). The middle boilingpoint range hydrocarbons have been largely ignored in surface geochemistryand could contain valuable information to determine subsurface petroleumgeneration, migration, and entrapment. Lastly, it is extremely important tounderstand how best to evaluate and integrate the near-surface gas andgasoline range measurements into an overall understanding of the petroleumcharge system, specifically the source, maturation, and migration elements forevaluating prospect charge.Empirical observations from the global surface geochemical database andlaboratory experiments demonstrate that several of the surface geochemicalmethods currently used by industry do not accurately remove the nearsurfacemigrated gases thus providing biased and incorrect results.The acid extraction (Horvitz adsorbed method), microdesorption, and ballmill (occluded) bound sediment gas extraction methods all provided gascompositions and isotopic ratios significantly different than the charge gases.The extracted bound gases contain elevated wet gas (C2 to C5) relative to thecharge gases. These results are similar to what was noted in the global surfacegeochemistry database. In addition, the laboratory results indicate we do notfully understand sediment bound gas process. Thus the bound gases may not properly reflect the composition or isotopic ratios of the migratedhydrocarbons.Three interstitial sediment gas methods were examined as part of myresearch efforts, two canned headspace with different preparation andlaboratory procedures; and a new extraction method designated as thedisrupter. One of the headspace methods and the new disrupter gasextraction method provided gas compositions and isotopic ratios very similarto the charge gases. One of the headspace can methods provided highlyvariable gas compositions due to can leakage and preparation procedures. Ingeneral the interstitial hydrocarbon gases when properly collected andevaluated can provide critical information on the presence of mature sourcerock at depth.The gasoline range plus hydrocarbons are rarely examined in surfacegeochemical studies due to the great difficulty in extracting this boiling pointrange of hydrocarbons. The SPME method, in conjunction with the disrupterchamber, has been shown from laboratory evaluation to accurately removeand reflect gasoline range hydrocarbons in marine sediments. Choosing themost efficient fiber, optimal boundary conditions, and limitations is verycritical. Early field testing has shown the gasoline range hydrocarbons areheavily bacterially altered in most near-surface marine. Despite these issues,the gasoline range plus hydrocarbons have great potential in determining thesource and maturity of the migrated hydrocarbons in near-surface marinesediments. Thus near-surface sediment gases and gasoline rangehydrocarbons, when properly collected and extracted, can be used asindicators of subsurface generation and entrapment as shown in theobservation with the global surface geochemical database and laboratoryexperiments.
机译:地表地球化学是近地表碳氢化合物的一种测量方法,已在石油工业中使用了80多年,用于勘探地下石油矿床。由热成熟的有机富集岩石在沉积区深部产生的碳氢化合物可以以可测量的浓度迁移至近地表的事实已得到充分记录,但目前工业上用于提取和测量这些近地表迁移的烃的方法尚未经过严格测试。这项博士研究工作的主要目标之一是根据实验室实验和现场校准研究,确定以最少的分馏从近地表海洋沉积物中去除迁移的碳氢化合物气体(C1至C5)的最佳方法。第二个主要目标是评估程序,以评估近地表沉积的汽油范围碳氢化合物(C5至C10)。在地表地球化学中,中沸点范围的碳氢化合物已被很大程度上忽略,并且可能包含有价值的信息来确定地下石油的生成,运移和圈闭。最后,了解如何最有效地评估和整合近地表天然气和汽油范围测量值,以全面了解石油装料系统,特别是评估准装料的来源,成熟度和运移要素,这一点极为重要。全球地表地球化学的实证观察数据库和实验室实验表明,工业上目前使用的几种地表地球化学方法不能准确地去除近地表迁移的气体,从而提供了偏差和不正确的结果。所提供的气体组成和同位素比与进料气明显不同。提取的结合气相对于进料气含有较高的湿气(C2至C5)。这些结果与全球表面地球化学数据库中提到的结果相似。另外,实验室结果表明我们对沉积物结合气体的过程还没有完全了解。因此,结合气体可能无法正确反映迁移的烃类的组成或同位素比。作为研究工作的一部分,研究了三种间隙沉积气方法,两种罐头顶空具有不同的制备方法和实验室程序;以及一种新的提取方法,称为破坏剂。顶空方法和新的破坏性气体提取方法之一提供的气体组成和同位素比与进料气体非常相似。由于罐泄漏和制备程序,顶空罐方法之一提供了高度可变的气体组成。通常,如果适当地收集和评估间隙碳氢化合物气体,就可以提供有关深部成熟烃源岩存在的关键信息。由于提取这种碳氢化合物的沸点范围非常困难,因此在地表地球化学研究中很少检查汽油范围和碳氢化合物。实验室评估表明,SPME方法与干扰室相结合,可以准确地去除和反映海洋沉积物中的汽油范围碳氢化合物。选择最有效的光纤,最佳边界条件和限制非常关键。早期的现场测试表明,在大多数近地表海洋中,汽油范围碳氢化合物的细菌发生了很大的变化。尽管存在这些问题,但汽油范围和碳氢化合物在确定近地表海洋沉积物中迁移的碳氢化合物的来源和成熟度方面具有巨大潜力。因此,如正确地收集和提取近地表沉积物气体和汽油范围的烃类,可作为地下地表生成和夹带的指标,如全球地面地球化学数据库和实验室实验所观察到的那样。

著录项

  • 作者

    Abrams Michael Allan;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 2008
  • 总页数
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类

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