Статус арабських фонетичних запозичень у сучасній перській мові

摘要

В історії перської мови потенційними джерелами системних функціональних запозичень могли стати або семітські, або тюркські діалекти. За результатами аналізу семітських запозичень у фонетиці перської мови можнаudзробити висновок про те, що запозичені з арабської мови глотковий та велярний приголосні звуки цілковито асимілювалися до системи перської мови. Інакше кажучи, вони є формальними запозиченнями, тобто вживаються за правилами перської сегментної фонетики.ud(The main sources of Indo-European influence on Persian language during its history there have been two: Semitic and Turkic.udIt is with a source of Semitic influence in the history of the Persian language study associated a large number of statements about the crucial role of the Arabic language in the formation one or another subsystem of the Persian language. In contemporary Persian grammar, there are two major problems of segment phonology. Both of them are related to the Arabic influence on the Persian phonetic system. The first of them is uncertain phonological status of the sounds, which are marked in writing by graphemes غ «qein» and ق «qaf». The second one is uncertain phonological status of the sounds, which are marked in writingudby graphemes ع «ein» та ء «hamza». The first sound (Persian pharyngeal stop) has two sources of origin and a few usages. This sound is used in the borrowed from the Arabic language lexemes with sound [‘] (voiced pharyngeal fricative), which are marked in writing by the letter ع «айн»; in the borrowed from the Arabic language lexemes with sound [’] (voiceless glottal stop), which are marked in writing by the letter ء «hamza»; within some French borrowings; within some Persian lexemes. The traditional view is that the velar consonant entered the Persian language along with a large number of Arabic words. In writing this sound is marked by two letters: ق «qaf» і غ «qein». Positional conditions of the usage of these phonemes are still controversial inudIranian Studies. According to the analysis of Semitic borrowings in the Persian phonetics it can be concluded that the borrowed from the Arabic language pharyngeal and velar consonants completely assimilated into the system of the Persian language. In other words, they are formal borrowing that is are used according to the rules of the Persian segmental phonetics.)