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Computer simulation of the takeoff in springboard diving

机译:跳板跳水起飞的计算机模拟

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摘要

A computer simulation model of a springboard and a diver was developed to investigate diving takeoff techniques in the forward and the reverse groups. The springboard model incorporated vertical, horizontal and rotational movements based on experimental data. The diver was modelled as an eight-segment link system with torque generators acting at the metatarsal-phalangeal, ankle, knee, hip and shoulder joints. Wobbling masses were included within the trunk, thigh and shank segments to allow for soft tissue movement. The foot-springboard interface was represented by spring-dampers acting at the heel, ball and toes of the foot. The model was personalised to an elite diver so that simulation output could be compared with the diver's own performance. Kinematic data of diving performances from a one-metre springboard were obtained using high speed video and personalised inertia parameters were determined from anthropometric measurements. Joint torque was calculated using a torque / angle / angular velocity relationship based on the maximum voluntary torque measured using an isovelocity dynamometer. Visco-elastic parameters were determined using a subject-specific angledriven model which matched the simulation to the performance in an optimisation process. Four dives with minimum and maximum angular momentum in the two dive groups were chosen to obtain a common set of parameters for use in the torque-driven model. In the evaluation of the torque-driven model, there was good agreement between the simulation and performance for all four dives with a mean difference of 6.3%. The model was applied to optimise for maximum dive height for each of the four dives and to optimise for maximum rotational potential in each of the two dive groups. Optimisation results suggest that changing techniques can increase the dive height by up to 2.0 cm. It was also predicted that the diver could generate rotation almost sufficient to perform a forward three and one-half somersault tuck and a reverse two and one-half somersault tuck.
机译:开发了跳板和潜水员的计算机仿真模型,以研究向前和向后组的跳水起飞技术。跳板模型结合了基于实验数据的垂直,水平和旋转运动。潜水员被建模为八段链接系统,扭矩发生器作用于meta指,踝关节,膝盖,髋关节和肩关节。摇摆质量包括在躯干,大腿和小腿部分内,以允许软组织运动。脚-跳板界面以作用在脚后跟,球和脚趾上的弹簧阻尼器为代表。该模型针对精英潜水员进行了个性化设置,因此可以将模拟输出与潜水员自身的表现进行比较。使用高速视频获取一米跳板潜水运动的运动学数据,并根据人体测量学确定个性化惯性参数。使用扭矩/角度/角速度关系,根据使用等速测功机测得的最大自愿扭矩,计算关节扭矩。使用特定于对象的角度驱动模型确定粘弹性参数,该模型将模拟与优化过程中的性能进行匹配。在两个潜水组中选择了具有最小和最大角动量的四个潜水,以获取用于扭矩驱动模型的一组通用参数。在扭矩驱动模型的评估中,所有四个潜水的模拟结果和性能之间都有很好的一致性,平均差异为6.3%。该模型适用于优化四个潜水中每个潜水的最大潜水高度,并优化两个潜水组中每个潜水的最大旋转潜力。优化结果表明,更改技术可使潜水高度增加2.0厘米。还可以预测,潜水员产生的旋转几乎足以执行向前三和二分之一的翻筋斗和反向二和二分之一的翻筋斗。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kong Pui W;

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  • 年度 2005
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 English
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