Final Technical Report: Recovery Act: Online Nonintrusive Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection for Wind Turbines

摘要

TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................. iiiLIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ivLIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ viiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................11 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................32 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................72.1 Motivation ................................................................................................................72.2 Project Goal and Objectives .....................................................................................82.3 Qualifications and Experience of the Project Team ................................................93 CURRENT-BASED WIND TURBINE CMFD TECHNOLOGIES ................................103.1 Modulation of Current Signals by a Wind Turbine Fault ......................................103.2 Current Demodulation ...........................................................................................133.2.1 Frequency Demodulation ...........................................................................13 3.2.2 Amplitude Demodulation ...........................................................................14 3.2.3 Benefits of Using Current Demodulation ..................................................143.3 1P-Invariant PSD Method ......................................................................................143.4 Wavelet Filter .........................................................................................................173.5 Impulse Detection ..................................................................................................184 SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION PLATFORMS .......................204.1 Simulation Validation Platform .............................................................................204.1.1 WTG Model ...............................................................................................20 4.2.2 Wind Speed Data .......................................................................................214.2 Experimental Validation Platform .........................................................................225 WIND TURBINE IMBALANCE FAULT DETECTION ................................................245.1 The Characteristic Frequencies of Imbalance Faults .............................................245.2 Simulation Study of Imbalance Fault Detection ....................................................26 5.3 Experimental Study of Imbalance Fault Detection ................................................295.3.1 Detection of Blade Imbalance...................................................................29 5.3.2 Detection of Bent Blades...........................................................................355.3.3 Detection of Aged Blade............................................................................38 5.3.4 Detection of Blade Defects........................................................................40 5.3.5 Detection of Generator Magnet Damage...................................................426 WIND TURBINE BEARING FAULT DETECTION ......................................................446.1 The Characteristic Frequencies of Single-Point Bearing Faults ............................446.1.1 Types of Single-Point Bearing Faults ........................................................44 6.1.2 Bearing Fault Signatures in Stator Current Signals ...................................456.2 Single-Point Bearing Fault Detection ....................................................................466.2.1 WTG with Healthy Bearings .....................................................................46 6.2.2 WTG with a Bearing Cage Broken Fault ...................................................48 6.2.3 WTG with an Out-Race Fault ....................................................................526.3 Incipient Bearing Fault Detection ..........................................................................547 ACCOMPLISHMENTS ....................................................................................................567.1 Publications ............................................................................................................56 7.2 Presentations ..........................................................................................................57 7.3 Patent......................................................................................................................578 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................589 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................60REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................61