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Output, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries

机译:产出,可再生和不可再生能源消耗和国际贸易:来自69个国家的小组的证据

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摘要

This paper uses panel cointegration techniques to examine the causal relationship between output, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and international trade for a sample of 69 countries during the period 1980-2007. In the short-run, Granger causality tests show that there is evidence of a bidirectional causality between output and trade (exports or imports), a one way causality running from renewable energy consumption to trade, and a bidirectional feedback causality between non-renewable energy consumption and trade. Interestingly, there is no direct short-run causality between the three variables renewable energy, non-renewable energy and output. However, there is an indirect short-run causality running from renewable energy to both non-renewable energy and output, which occurs through trade. Also, there is an indirect and bidirectional short-run causality between non-renewable energy and output through trade. In the long-run, OLS, FMOLS and DOLS estimates suggest that renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade have a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth. Our policy recommendations are to encourage trade openness because this may reduce the share of non-renewable energy consumption in total energy consumption. Indeed, through technology transfer and economies of scale, more trade openness could be a good policy for combating global warming by encouraging the use of renewable energies, while increasing output.
机译:本文使用面板协整技术研究了1980-2007年间69个国家/地区的样本中的产出,可再生和不可再生能源消耗与国际贸易之间的因果关系。在短期内,格兰杰因果关系测试表明,有证据表明产出与贸易(出口或进口)之间存在双向因果关系,从可再生能源消费到贸易的一种单向因果关系,以及不可再生能源之间的双向反馈因果关系消费和贸易。有趣的是,可再生能源,不可再生能源和产出这三个变量之间没有直接的短期因果关系。但是,从可再生能源到不可再生能源和产出都有间接的短期因果关系,这种因果关系是通过贸易发生的。此外,不可再生能源与通过贸易产生的产出之间存在间接的双向短期因果关系。从长远来看,OLS,FMOLS和DOLS的估计表明可再生和不可再生能源的消耗和贸易对经济增长具有积极的和统计学上显着的影响。我们的政策建议是鼓励贸易开放,因为这可能会减少不可再生能源在总能源消耗中的比重。实际上,通过技术转让和规模经济,更多的贸易开放可能是鼓励全球可再生能源的使用,同时鼓励增加可再生能源的使用的一项好政策。

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