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Internal structures and external connectedness: towards a typology of French clusters

机译:内部结构和外部联系:朝向法国集群的类型

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摘要

In this explorative study, we adopt a knowledge-centred perspective on clusters and investigate whether clusters? internal structure explains clusters? external (knowledge) collaborative strategies. All in all, the main analytical issue underlying this paper is the following: do internal characteristics of clusters vary (among them), and do they have any influence on the characteristics of clusters? external relationships? Our analysis focuses on the 71 French Competitiveness clusters. First, thanks to data analysis techniques, we identify 4 ideal types of clusters according to their internal characteristics. We then pinpoint variety in clusters? relational behaviours using network analysis. In a final step, we confront internal characteristics and the relational patterns of French clusters. Our data analysis combined to a network analysis on French Puf4les de compue9titivitue9 allows us to highlight several results concerning clusters? cooperation practices and to link them with internal characteristics. First, even though clusters tend to favour cooperation with a given partnering cluster, they try to diversify as much as possible their cooperation with different clusters. They thus try to strike a balance between deepened, more enduring cooperations with a one or a couple of other clusters and the search for novelty variety by initiating cooperations with new partnering clusters. Our results also suggest a significant variety in the cooperation practices among French clusters. Some of them do not play any significant role in the global network, whereas others are associated with high levels of centrality. This suggests that not all clusters implement (or are capable of implementing) similar cooperation practices. This is coherent with our first argument that clusters may not be equally endowed with the same networking capabilities. Investigating further the factors underlying clusters? cooperation practices and trying to bind them with internal characteristics, we confronted the results obtained out of our network analysis based on R&D collaborative projects. Our first results show that French Puf4les de compue9titivitue9 indeed differ according to their internal characteristics, the most discriminating factors being linked to the complexity level of clusters and their ownership structure while absorptive capacity and the nature of knowledge bases appear to be less discriminating. Considering both Puf4les' internal characteristics and cooperation practices, the internal factors determining most of their cooperation practices lie in their levels of internal complexity and their absorptive capacities. Our analysis shows that the dominant ownership structure in a Puf4le and the nature of its dominant knowledge base have less influence.
机译:在这项探索性研究中,我们对集群采取了以知识为中心的观点,并调查了集群是否存在?内部结构解释集群吗?外部(知识)协作策略。总而言之,本文所基于的主要分析问题如下:集群的内部特征(在其中)是否变化,并且它们对集群的特征有影响吗?外部关系?我们的分析重点是71个法国竞争力集群。首先,借助数据分析技术,我们根据集群的内部特征确定了4种理想的集群类型。然后我们确定集群中的多样性吗?使用网络分析的关系行为。最后,我们面对法国集群的内部特征和关系模式。我们的数据分析与法语P uf4les de comp ue9titivit ue9的网络分析相结合,使我们能够突出显示有关聚类的几个结果?合作做法,并将其与内部特征联系起来。首先,尽管集群倾向于支持与给定伙伴集群的合作,但它们仍努力使与不同集群的合作尽可能多样化。因此,他们试图在与一个或几个其他集群的深化,更持久的合作与通过与新的伙伴集群的合作中寻找新颖性之间取得平衡。我们的研究结果还表明,法国集群之间的合作实践存在很大差异。它们中的一些在全球网络中没有任何重要作用,而其他一些则与高度的中心性有关。这表明并非所有集群都实施(或能够实施)类似的合作实践。这与我们的第一个论点是一致的,即群集可能不具有相同的联网功能。进一步调查构成集群的因素?合作实践并尝试将其与内部特征绑定,我们面对了基于R&D合作项目的网络分析所获得的结果。我们的第一个结果表明,法语的确因其内部特征而有所不同,最明显的因素与集群的复杂程度及其所有权结构有关,而吸收能力和知识库的性质似乎与集群的复杂程度有关。减少歧视。考虑到P.uf4les的内部特征和合作实践,决定其大多数合作实践的内部因素在于其内部复杂程度和吸收能力。我们的分析表明,P uf4le中的主导所有权结构及其主导知识库的性质影响较小。

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