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How to measure the economic impacts of mega-events - the example of the World Economic Forum in Davos

机译:如何衡量大型活动的经济影响 - 世界经济论坛在达沃斯的例子

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摘要

The number, diversity and popularity of events has increased in the recent years. The question of the concrete economic effects for the location and the surrounding region becomes therefore more and more important. Because every economic activity whether a public intervention or an economic action causes changes in the consumer demand. To measure the economic effects of events you can use different scientific methods. Using the traditional methodological approaches like the input-output-analysis, the cost-benefit analysis or the financial mathematics you can exclusively point out the monetary effects which are directly connected with the event. On the other hand the longterm intangible effects could only be included partially. However the ascertainment of the intangible and longterm effects like the meaning of competences and the learning of regions has become more and more important for the analysis of the spatial effects of mega-events in the recent years. The example of the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos shows how the direct as well as the indirect effects of events could be worked out based on the spatial incidence analysis. The incidence analysis is a kind of cost-benefit analysis which is especially suited for analysing the spatial effects of infrastructural facilities or the service of these facilities. Another advantage is that you can present the results relatively transparent and coherent. Strict-talken the incidence analysis is a systematic to the ?problem-related? and spatial order of accounting and statistical information. It considers the basic principles of economic impact analysis, especially focussing on the clearly spatial and textual correlation of the cash flows. In spite of certain methodological and theoretical deficits the spatial incidence analysis seems to be qualified for the presented analysis as a methodological basis. In the context of the the incidence analysis, the theoretical guidelines were adapted to the specific facts of the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum. The question of the direct and indirect effects of the World Economic Forum was pointed out as the center of the analysis. Considering the direct effects you focus on the receipts and expenditures which are directly connected with the realisation of the event. The indirect effects could be devided into the so called tangible and intangible effects. Tangible effects are measurable as indirect economic effects. These are the so called spill-over effects. The intangible effects could be explained as soft and mostly not quantifiable effects. Normally these effects are distinguished between image effects (positive and negative), infrastructure-, structure-, competence- and network effects. These effects often cause a clearly higher contribution to the development of an event location than the direct monetary amount to the regional national income. To analyse these effects we used a combination based on a demand-oriented and supply-oriented approach to calculate the whole transaction volume of the event. Spatially we differed between the effects concerning Davos itself, the region of Graubufcnden and the rest of Switzerland.
机译:近年来,事件的数量,多样性和受欢迎程度有所增加。因此,对于位置和周围区域的具体经济影响的问题变得越来越重要。因为每一项经济活动,无论是公共干预还是经济行动,都会引起消费者需求的变化。要衡量事件的经济影响,您可以使用不同的科学方法。使用传统的方法论方法,例如投入产出分析,成本效益分析或财务数学,您可以专门指出与事件直接相关的货币效应。另一方面,长期的无形影响只能部分包括在内。然而,近年来,确定无形和长期影响(如能力的含义和学习区域)对于分析大型事件的空间影响变得越来越重要。在达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛年会的例子表明,如何根据空间发生率分析得出事件的直接和间接影响。发生率分析是一种成本效益分析,特别适合分析基础设施或这些设施的服务的空间效应。另一个好处是您可以呈现相对透明和连贯的结果。严格讲发病率分析是对“问题相关”的系统分析。会计和统计信息的空间顺序。它考虑了经济影响分析的基本原理,尤其着重于现金流量的明显空间和文本相关性。尽管在方法和理论上存在某些缺陷,但空间关联分析似乎可以作为所提出的分析的方法基础。在发生率分析的背景下,对理论指导进行了调整,以适应世界经济论坛年会的具体事实。有人指出,世界经济论坛的直接和间接影响问题是分析的中心。考虑到直接影响,您将重点放在与事件的实现直接相关的收支上。间接影响可以分为有形和无形影响。有形影响可以作为间接经济影响来衡量。这些就是所谓的溢出效应。可以将无形影响解释为软性影响,并且大多数情况下无法量化。通常,这些效应在图像效应(正负),基础设施效应,结构效应,能力效应和网络效应之间有所区别。这些影响通常比事件对地区国民收入的直接货币数量对事件地点发展的影响明显更高。为了分析这些影响,我们使用了基于需求导向和供应导向方法的组合来计算事件的总交易量。在空间上,我们对达沃斯本身,格劳布 ufcnden地区和瑞士其他地区的影响有所不同。

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