Usulan Perbaikan Sistem Handling Cargodoring di Pelabuhan Peti Kemas untuk Meminimalkan Biaya Distribusi Logistik

摘要

Sistem handling pelabuhan peti kemas merupakan masalah krusial karena berkaitan dengan waktu, biaya, dan kepuasan konsumen. Sistem handling yang baik terlihat dari waktu melakukan bongkar muat. Apabila waktu yang dihabiskan relatif singkat, maka sistem handling tergolong baik. Tiga tahapan umum dalam sistem handling, yaitu (1) Stevedoring, (2) Cargodoring dan (3) Receiving. Dari keseluruhan tahapan tersebut, proses cargodoring merupakan proses yang paling banyak menghabiskan waktu bongkar muat, sehingga biaya logistik di Indonesia menjadi tinggi. Fokus penelitian untuk memberi solusi sistem handling cargodoring yang baik pada pelabuhan di Indonesia. Selain itu, akan dibahas pula pelabuhan logistik lain yakni Pelabuhan Fremantle, Australia sebagai pembanding agar diperoleh gambaran mengenai sistem handling cargodoring yang digunakan di sana. Metode benchmarking digunakan dalam pengambilan solusi perbaikan, serta kajian Container Management, Reverse Logistic, dan Layout Study untuk membantu menemukan solusi perbaikan. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pelabuhan di Indonesia masih menggunakan head truck dalam proses cargodoring, sedangkan di Fremantle telah menggunakan kereta api, akibatnya waktu bongkar menjadi terlalu lama. Hasil penelitian ini adalah berupa gagasan perbaikan sistem handling cargodoring yakni dengan menggunakan kereta api seperti di Fremantle, tetapi dikembangkan menggunakan kereta semi otomatis tanpa kepala, yang memanfaatkan tenaga air laut dan sistem conveyor sebagai alat bantu pendorong peti kemas. Kata kunci: biaya distribusi logistik, cargodoring, peningkatan kinerja, pelabuhan peti kemas Handling system at the container port is a crucial issue because it is related to time, logistics cost, and customer satisfaction. A good handling system can be seen from its time for loading and unloading. If the process takes short time, then this handling system is quite good. There are three general phases in the handling system, named (1) Stevedoring, (2) Cargodoring, and (3) Receiving. Based on the whole of those phases, cargodoring is process that spends the most time for loading and unloading, causing logistic cost of Indonesia high. This paper is focussed on efforts to give solution for good cargodoring handling system at the ports in Indonesia. In addition, this study will discuss about other logistics port which is Fremantle port, Australia to obtain as an overview of cargodoring handling system used there. Benchmarking method is used in making solution for this improvement, moreover, about Container Management System, Reverse Logistic, and Layout Study to help more in finding those solutions. Based on analysis, it is known that ports in Indonesia are still using head truck in cargodoring process, while Fremantle port has been using railway. This is a reason why handling time becomes so long. The result of this paper is an idea to make cargodoring system better by using railway like in Fremantle, but it is developed by using semi-automatic train without head, by using sea water as fuel and using conveyor system as a tool for driving containers.