DNA barcoding of wild Ganoderma specimens and cultivated strains in Hungary

摘要

The cosmopolitan polypore genus Ganoderma (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) has anudenormous economic value, due to the caused diseases on different tree plantationsud(e.g. G. boninense in oil palms) and the medicinal properties of certain species (e.g.udG. applanatum, G. lingzhi and G. sinense). The cultivated Ganoderma strains used byudHungarian growers originate both from selected wild strains or more oftenudtaxonomically not evaluated isolates with uncertain origin. However, based onudmorphological characteristics, the species concepts in the genus lack consensus,udand the taxonomy of many Ganoderma taxa is thus problematic. Therefore, inudaddition to the morphological examination, suitable molecular methods haveudrecently been required to the taxonomically correct identification of the wildudGanoderma species and cultivated strains in many cases. DNA barcode is a widelyudaccepted tool for species identification and authentication of commercial productsudcontaining Ganoderma species. Among the tested fungal DNA barcoding markers,udthe application of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the most commonly usedudand it was formally proposed as the primary fungal barcode marker. Besides theudITS, several other DNA barcoding markers were used by different authors toudclarify taxonomic difficulties in Ganoderma: e.g. β-tubulin, LSU, rpb1, rpb2, Tef1-αudor the mtSSU rDNA sequence. Formerly, the Hungarian Ganoderma species (viz. G.udadspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. cupreolaccatum, G. lucidum and G.udresinaceum) were briefly studied by Papp and Szabó (2013, in Acta Silv. Lign.udHung. 9: 71–83.), however, based on solely morphological charactersitics. In thisudstudy we aimed (i) to generate DNA barcoding sequences for all wild Ganodermaudspecies observed in Hungary; furthermore, (ii) to investigate and evaluate theudHungarian cultivated strains labelled as “G. lucidum” and the Ganoderma spp.udisolates preserved in culture collections, based on DNA barcoding sequenceudanalysis. Supported by the ÚNKP-17-4 New National Excellence Program of theudMinistry of Human Capacities.