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Novel, Attached, Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria at Shallow Hydrothermal Vents Possess Vacuoles Not Involved in Respiratory Nitrate Accumulation

机译:浅层热液喷口处的新型附着硫氧化细菌具有不参与呼吸性硝酸盐积累的液泡。

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摘要

Novel, vacuolate sulfur bacteria occur at shallow hydrothermal vents near White Point, Calif. There, these filaments are attached densely to diverse biotic and abiotic substrates and extend one to several centimeters into the surrounding environment, where they are alternately exposed to sulfidic and oxygenated seawater. Characterizations of native filaments collected from this location indicate that these filaments possess novel morphological and physiological properties compared to all other vacuolate bacteria characterized to date. Attached filaments, ranging in diameter from 4 to 100 μm or more, were composed of cylindrical cells, each containing a thin annulus of sulfur globule-filled cytoplasm surrounding a large central vacuole. A near-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence was obtained and confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization to be associated only with filaments having a diameter of 10 μm or more. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these wider, attached filaments form within the gamma proteobacteria a monophyletic group that includes all previously described vacuolate sulfur bacteria (the genera Beggiatoa, Thioploca, and Thiomargarita) and no nonvacuolate genera. However, unlike for all previously described vacuolate bacteria, repeated measurements of cell lysates from samples collected over 2 years indicate that the attached White Point filaments do not store internal nitrate. It is possible that these vacuoles are involved in transient storage of oxygen or contribute to the relative buoyancy of these filaments.
机译:新型的,空泡的硫细菌出现在加利福尼亚州怀特波恩附近的浅水热喷口处。这些细丝紧密地附着在各种生物和非生物基质上,延伸一到几厘米到周围的环境中,在那里它们交替暴露于硫化和含氧的海水中。从该位置收集的天然细丝的特征表明,与迄今已表征的所有其他空泡细菌相比,这些细丝具有新颖的形态和生理特性。直径从4到100μm或更大的附着细丝由圆柱状细胞组成,每个细丝都围绕着一个大的中央液泡包含一团薄薄的充满硫球的细胞质环。获得了近乎完整的16S rRNA基因序列,并通过荧光原位杂交证实仅与直径为10μm或更大的细丝相关。系统发育分析表明,这些较宽的,附着的细丝在γ-变形杆菌内形成一个单系群,其中包括所有先前描述的空泡硫细菌(Beggiatoa,Thioploca和Thiomargarita属),而没有非空泡属。但是,与之前描述的所有空泡细菌不同,对过去2年收集的样品中细胞裂解物的重复测量表明,附着的White Point细丝不存储内部硝酸盐。这些液泡可能与氧气的瞬时储存有关或有助于这些细丝的相对浮力。

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