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Evolutionary relationships among ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.

机译:氨和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌之间的进化关系。

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摘要

Comparative 16S rRNA sequencing was used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among selected strains of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. All characterized strains were shown to be affiliated with the proteobacteria. The study extended recent 16S rRNA-based studies of phylogenetic diversity among nitrifiers by the comparison of eight strains of the genus Nitrobacter and representatives of the genera Nitrospira and Nitrospina. The later genera were shown to be affiliated with the delta subdivision of the proteobacteria but did not share a specific relationship to each other or to other members of the delta subdivision. All characterized Nitrobacter strains constituted a closely related assemblage within the alpha subdivision of the proteobacteria. As previously observed, all ammonia-oxidizing genera except Nitrosococcus oceanus constitute a monophyletic assemblage within the beta subdivision of the proteobacteria. Errors in the 16S rRNA sequences for two strains previously deposited in the databases by other investigators (Nitrosolobus multiformis C-71 and Nitrospira briensis C-128) were corrected. Consideration of physiology and phylogenetic distribution suggested that nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the alpha and gamma subdivisions are derived from immediate photosynthetic ancestry. Each nitrifier retains the general structural features of the specific ancestor's photosynthetic membrane complex. Thus, the nitrifiers, as a group, apparently are not derived from an ancestral nitrifying phenotype.
机译:比较的16S rRNA测序用于评估氨氧化和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌所选菌株之间的系统发育关系。显示所有表征的菌株都与蛋白细菌有关。该研究通过比较八种硝化细菌属以及硝化螺菌和硝化孢菌属的代表,扩展了最近基于16S rRNA的硝化系统进化多样性研究。后来的属被证明与变形杆菌的δ细分有关,但彼此之间或与δ细分的其他成员没有特定的关系。所有已鉴定的硝化细菌菌株在蛋白杆菌的α细分内构成了紧密相关的组合。如先前所观察到的,除海洋硝基球菌外,所有氨氧化属都构成了变形杆菌β细分内的单系组合。纠正了先前由其他研究者存放在数据库中的两个菌株(多形硝化梭菌C-71和Britrospira briensis C-128)的16S rRNA序列中的错误。生理和系统发育分布的考虑表明,α和γ细分的亚硝酸盐氧化细菌来源于直接的光合作用。每个硝化器保留特定祖先的光合膜复合物的一般结构特征。因此,硝化剂作为一个整体显然不是源自祖先的硝化表型。

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