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Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Affect Citrinin Production in the Filamentous Fungus Monascus ruber

机译:中链脂肪酸影响丝状真菌红曲霉中柠檬素的产生

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摘要

During submerged culture in the presence of glucose and glutamate, the filamentous fungus Monascus ruber produces water-soluble red pigments together with citrinin, a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic and hepatoxic effects on animals. Analysis of the 13C-pigment molecules from mycelia cultivated with [1-13C]-, [2-13C]-, or [1,2-13C]acetate by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the biosynthesis of the red pigments used both the polyketide pathway, to generate the chromophore structure, and the fatty acid synthesis pathway, to produce a medium-chain fatty acid (octanoic acid) which was then bound to the chromophore by a trans-esterification reaction. Hence, to enhance pigment production, we tried to short-circuit the de novo synthesis of medium-chain fatty acids by adding them to the culture broth. Of fatty acids with carbon chains ranging from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, only octanoic acid showed a 30 to 50% stimulation of red pigment production, by a mechanism which, in contrast to expectation, did not involve its direct trans-esterification on the chromophore backbone. However, the medium- and long-chain fatty acids tested were readily assimilated by the fungus, and in the case of fatty acids ranging from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, 30 to 40% of their initial amount transiently accumulated in the growth medium in the form of the corresponding methylketone 1 carbon unit shorter. Very interestingly, these fatty acids or their corresponding methylketones caused a strong reduction in, or even a complete inhibition of, citrinin production by M. ruber when they were added to the medium. Several data indicated that this effect could be due to the degradation of the newly synthesized citrinin (or an intermediate in the citrinin pathway) by hydrogen peroxide resulting from peroxisome proliferation induced by medium-chain fatty acids or methylketones.
机译:在葡萄糖和谷氨酸存在下的深层培养过程中,丝状真菌红曲霉会产生水溶性红色素,并与citrinin(一种对动物具有肾毒性和肝毒性作用的霉菌毒素)一起产生。通过13C核磁共振分析用[1-13C]-,[2-13C]-或[1,2-13C]乙酸盐培养的菌丝体中的13C色素分子,表明红色素的生物合成聚酮途径生成生色团结构,以及脂肪酸合成途径生成中链脂肪酸(辛酸),然后通过酯交换反应将其结合到生色团上。因此,为了提高色素的产生,我们试图通过将中链脂肪酸添加到培养液中来使它们的从头合成短路。在碳链中碳原子数为6到18的脂肪酸中,只有辛酸显示出红色颜料生成的30%到50%的刺激,这与预期相反,该机理不涉及其在生色团上的直接酯交换反应骨干。但是,测试的中链和长链脂肪酸很容易被真菌吸收,对于8到12个碳原子的脂肪酸,其初始量的30%到40%会瞬时积累在生长培养基中。形式的相应甲基酮1碳单元较短。非常有趣的是,当将这些脂肪酸或它们相应的甲基酮加入培养基中时,它们会强烈降低或什至完全抑制由红宝石红霉产生的柠檬素。若干数据表明,这种作用可能是由于中链脂肪酸或甲基酮引起的过氧化物酶体增殖导致过氧化氢对新合成的胞苷蛋白(或胞苷蛋白途径中的中间体)的降解所致。

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