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Joule heating in magnetohydrodynamic flows in channels with thin conducting walls

机译:磁流体动力学中的焦耳热在具有薄传导壁的通道中流动

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摘要

Joule heating in liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic flows is investigated with reference to self-cooled liquid metal blankets for tokamaks. Pressure-driven flow of an electrically conducting fluid confined between two parallel, infinite walls with a transverse magnetic field is studied. The walls are electrically conducting, which implies strong currents flowing within the thin conducting walls. The problem is solved both analytically and numerically.It is shown that the Joule heat cannot be neglected in certain range of parameters relevant to fusion blanket applications. The magnitude of the Joule heat released inside the channel and the walls depends on the thermal conductivity of the outside surface of the channel walls. For thermally conducting outside surface of the walls the Joule heat can become significant for high values of the Hartmann number and moderate average velocity. The effect is even more pronounced for thermally insulating outside surface of the walls. For example, for lead–lithium flow with stainless steel walls the temperature increase along the flow exceeds 200 °C over the length of the blanket, which is almost three times higher than that for thermally conducting outside surface of the walls.The main reason for such a strong rise in temperature is the heat released inside the walls. The heat produced in the fluid region is quickly convected towards the exit from the channel. The heat released inside the walls can only leave the domain by diffusion into the fluid region and thus is accumulated along the channel length.
机译:液态金属磁流体流动中的焦耳加热是参照用于托卡马克的自冷液态金属毯进行的。研究了由横向磁场限制在两个平行的无限壁之间的导电流体的压力驱动流。壁是导电的,这意味着在薄的导电壁内流动的强电流。该问题在解析和数值上都得到了解决。研究表明,焦耳热在与熔覆层应用有关的某些参数范围内不能忽略。在通道和壁内部释放的焦耳热的大小取决于通道壁的外表面的热导率。为了使壁的外表面导热,焦耳热对于高值的哈特曼数和中等的平均速度可能变得很重要。对于使壁的外表面绝热,效果更加明显。例如,对于带有铅-锂的不锈钢壁流,沿覆盖层的长度,沿流的温度升高超过200°C,这几乎是壁的外表面导热的三倍。如此强烈的温度升高是壁内释放的热量。在流体区域中产生的热量被快速对流到通道出口。壁内释放的热量只能通过扩散进入流体区域而离开畴,因此沿通道长度积累。

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