首页> 外文OA文献 >Measurement of cognitive bias and cortisol levels to evaluate the effects of space restriction on captive collared peccary (Mammalia, Tayassuidae)
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Measurement of cognitive bias and cortisol levels to evaluate the effects of space restriction on captive collared peccary (Mammalia, Tayassuidae)

机译:测量认知偏差和皮质醇水平,以评估空间限制对圈养领兽(哺乳动物,Tayassuidae)的影响

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摘要

We use the judgement-bias paradigm to evaluate whether space restriction in metabolism pens affects the emotional state of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) during a nutritional experiment. We trained individual adult males to ‘go’ to a specific location within 30 s when a positive auditory cue (whistle; CS + ) was given in order to receive cassava root pieces as a reward, and to ‘no-go’ when a negative cue (caxixi percussion instrument; CS-) was sounded to avoid punishment (jet of water) and no reward. An ‘ambiguous’ auditory cue (a drumstick hitting an aluminum plate; CSA) was presented to probe decision-making under ambiguity. Individuals were subjected to five 8-day housing conditions in the order: H1 (control-no space restriction-metabolism pen and additional area), H2 (space restriction without environmental enrichment (metabolism pen only), H3 (control-no space restriction), H4 (space restriction with environmental enrichment), and H5 (control-no space restriction). On the eighth day of each housing condition, each animal was exposed to 10 judgement bias trials of each of the three cue types: CS+, CS-, and CSA. We recorded whether animals showed the ‘go’ or ‘no-go’ response after each type of cue and collected fecal samples to assess fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations. Peccaries learnt to discriminate CS+ and CS- and maintained this discrimination during the five housing conditions tested. The response to the ambiguous cue (CSA) varied according to the housing condition. During H1, the peccaries made a similar proportion of ‘go’ responses to all three types of cue (Ps 0.07). During H2 and H3, ‘go’ responses to CSA and CS- cues occurred in similar proportions (Ps 0.70), but peccaries showed more go responses to CS+ (Ps 0.03) indicating that they were responding to CSA as if it were more likely to predict the waterjet than food. During H4 and H5, peccaries again made a similar proportion of ‘go’ responses to all three types of cue, as in H1. During H2 and H3, fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations were higher than during the other tests (208.0 ± 16.4 vs. 141.6 ± 25.9 ng.g−1 dry feces, Ps 0.03). Our results suggest that space restriction may induce physiological stress and influence judgement bias and affective state in peccaries, and that these effects may be offset by environmental enrichment. However, the possibility of a general habituation to the housing conditions across time cannot be ruled out.
机译:在营养实验中,我们使用偏见判断范式来评估新陈代谢笔中的空间限制是否会影响领兽(Pecari tajacu)的情绪状态。我们训练成年雄性个体在给予阳性听觉提示(啸叫; CS +)后的30 s内“走”到特定位置,以便获得木薯根碎片作为奖励,而在阴性时给予“不走”提示(caxixi打击乐器; CS-)听起来是为了避免惩罚(喷水),没有报酬。提出了一个“模棱两可”的听觉提示(鼓槌敲打铝板; CSA)以探讨模棱两可的情况下的决策。个人按以下顺序经历了五个8天的居住条件:H1(无限制空间的限制代谢物和其他区域),H2(无环境浓缩的空间限制(仅代谢物),H3(无空间限制的饮食条件) ,H4(具有环境富集的空间限制)和H5(无控制限制空间)在每种居住条件的第八天,每只动物都要接受10种关于以下三种提示类型的判断偏差试验:CS +,CS-我们记录了每种提示后动物是否表现出“通过”或“不通过”反应,并收集粪便样本以评估粪便糖皮质激素的代谢产物浓度。测试了5种住房条件,对歧义提示(CSA)的响应随住房条件的变化而变化;在H1期间,百姓对所有三种类型的提示做出“ go”响应的比例相似(Ps> 0.07)。 H 3,对CSA和CS-线索的“继续”响应发生的比例相似(Ps> 0.70),但野兽人对CS +的走动响应更多(Ps <0.03),表明他们对CSA的响应似乎更有可能预测水刀比食物。在H4和H5期间,与H1一样,野兽人对所有三种提示都做出类似的“执行”响应。在H2和H3期间,粪便中糖皮质激素代谢产物的浓度高于其他测试(208.0±16.4对141.6±25.9 ng.g-1干燥粪便,Ps <0.03)。我们的研究结果表明,空间限制可能会导致生理压力并影响果肉的判断偏见和情感状态,而这些影响可能会被环境丰富化所抵消。但是,不能排除在整个时间上普遍适应住房条件的可能性。

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