首页> 外文OA文献 >THE EFFECTS OF CONSECUTIVE SOFTBALL WINDMILL PITCHES ON COORDINATION PATTERNS AND VARIABILITY, MUSCULAR STRENGTH, AND PITCHING PERFORMANCE
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THE EFFECTS OF CONSECUTIVE SOFTBALL WINDMILL PITCHES ON COORDINATION PATTERNS AND VARIABILITY, MUSCULAR STRENGTH, AND PITCHING PERFORMANCE

机译:连续软球节距对协调模式和变异性,肌肉强度和节拍性能的影响

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摘要

Upper and lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries occur at a similar rate in softball pitchers. Most of these injuries can be considered chronic in nature, which may result in symptoms being treated instead of considering the underlying mechanism for injury. Previous literature has primarily focused on discrete values such as joint ranges and kinematic peaks. The primary purpose was to examine inter-segmental and intra-limb coordination of the softball windmill pitch throughout a simulated game of softball and to determine if variability of these patterns change throughout multiple pitch counts. The secondary purpose is to identify if a difference between pre-pitching and post-pitching strength can be detected to determine if muscular fatigue, as defined by the inability to sustain the expected power output around a joint, has occurred. Pitching performance, defined as pitch velocity and accuracy, were also assessed. A total of 14 softball pitchers (17.9±2.3 years, 166.4±8.67 cm, 72.3±12.6 kg) successfully completed all strength assessments and pitching sequence. Pitchers completed strength assessments of the at baseline and immediately after a pitching sequence consisting of 105 fastballs. Vector coding was used to measure coordination and variability of Drive Leg Thigh v Pelvis, Pelvis v Torso, Pelvis v Humerus and Humerus v Forearm. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to determine change in muscular strength. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to establish if differences in pitch velocity or accuracy varied between innings. Appropriate order parameter to encapsulate the behavior of the windmill pitch could not be established due to lack of fatigue or incorrect coordinative structures measured. Results demonstrated a significant increase in stride leg knee extension and trunk flexion peak torque, as percent body weight, after consecutive pitches. Differences were seen in pitch velocity but not accuracy across innings. While this study did not demonstrate the negative effects of consecutive pitching that were expected, results can provide a foundation for future research into windmill pitch mechanics to assist with injury prevention and performance optimization.
机译:垒球投手的上,下肢肌肉骨骼伤害发生率相似。这些伤害中的大多数本质上可以被认为是慢性伤害,这可能导致症状得到治疗,而不是考虑伤害的潜在机制。先前的文献主要集中在离散值,例如关节范围和运动峰。主要目的是在整个模拟垒球比赛中检查垒球风车节距的节段间和肢内协调,并确定这些模式的可变性在多个节距计数中是否发生变化。第二个目的是确定是否可以检测到俯仰前和俯仰后强度之间的差异,以确定是否发生了肌肉疲劳(由无法维持关节周围预期的功率输出所定义)。还评估了俯仰性能,其定义为俯仰速度和准确性。总共14个垒球投手(17.9±2.3岁,166.4±8.67 cm,72.3±12.6 kg)成功完成了所有的力量评估和投球顺序。投手在由105个快球组成的投球序列之后立即完成了对底线的力量评估。使用矢量编码来测量Drive Leg Thigh v Pelvis,Pelvis v Torso,Pelvis v Humerus和Humerus v Forearm的协调性和可变性。配对t检验或Wilcoxon Signed Rank检验用于确定肌肉力量的变化。进行单向重复测量方差分析,以确定一局之间的音高速度或精度差异是否变化。由于缺乏疲劳或测量的坐标结构不正确,无法建立用于封装风车俯仰行为的适当阶次参数。结果表明,连续俯仰后,大步腿膝盖伸展和躯干屈曲峰值扭矩(以体重百分比计)显着增加。在节拍速度上看到了差异,但在各局中没有看到准确性。尽管此研究并未证明预期的连续俯仰会产生负面影响,但结果可以为风车俯仰力学的未来研究提供基础,以帮助预防伤害和优化性能。

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    Pletcher Erin;

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