The recent use of Ultra Wide Band technology in telecommunication implies the study of appropriated antennas. This thesis presents the needs of efficient and characterized antennas but also the keys related to their conception. A state of the art of UWB antennas is proposed and a bow-tie structure is chosen for optimization. A novel triangular CPW-fed printed antenna is then presented. This shape allows a 50 Ω impedance matching, an omnidirectionnal radiation pattern, a limited size and a low cost. A triangular slot and capacitive effects are introduced in the radiating part of the antenna in order to confer a better matching over a wider bandwidth, and a smaller overall size to the structure. A second work was carried out on ground planes shape to obtain more constant radiation patterns with frequency. The measurements of four realized antennas have validated the simulated results. The combined effects of these improvements on the final antenna structure result in an size reduction of 70 %. An elliptical CPW-fed printed antenna has also been studied and realized. Time domain measurements were also necessary to characterize the antennas. The procedure and data processing are first presented and validated. Antenna transmit and receive transfer functions have been differentiated. This characterization in several plans and directions allows us to calculate the distortion of a reference pulse during his radiation by the antenna. The dispersion that occurs can then be calculated and compared depending on antenna under test and direction.
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