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The return trip is felt shorter only postdictively: A psychophysiological study of the return trip effect

机译:仅在预测上可以感觉到回程短:对回程效果的心理生理研究

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摘要

The return trip often seems shorter than the outward trip even when the distance and actual time are identical. To date, studies on the return trip effect have failed to confirm its existence in a situation that is ecologically valid in terms of environment and duration. In addition, physiological influences as part of fundamental timing mechanisms in daily activities have not been investigated in the time perception literature. The present study compared round-trip and non-round-trip conditions in an ecological situation. Time estimation in real time and postdictive estimation were used to clarify the situations where the return trip effect occurs. Autonomic nervous system activity was evaluated from the electrocardiogram using the Lorenz plot to demonstrate the relationship between time perception and physiological indices. The results suggest that the return trip effect is caused only postdictively. Electrocardiographic analysis revealed that the two experimental conditions induced different responses in the autonomic nervous system, particularly in sympathetic nervous function, and that parasympathetic function correlated with postdictive timing. To account for the main findings, the discrepancy between the two time estimates is discussed in the light of timing strategies, i.e., prospective and retrospective timing, which reflect different emphasis on attention and memory processes. Also each timing method, i.e., the verbal estimation, production or comparative judgment, has different characteristics such as the quantification of duration in time units or knowledge of the target duration, which may be responsible for the discrepancy. The relationship between postdictive time estimation and the parasympathetic nervous system is also discussed.
机译:即使距离和实际时间相同,返回行程通常看起来也比向外行程短。迄今为止,有关回程影响的研究未能证实其在环境和持续时间方面在生态上有效的情况下的存在。另外,在时间知觉文献中尚未研究作为日常活动中基本计时机制的一部分的生理影响。本研究比较了生态环境中的往返和非往返条件。实时时间估计和预测性估计用于阐明发生回程影响的情况。使用Lorenz图从心电图评估自主神经系统活动,以证明时间知觉与生理指标之间的关系。结果表明,回程效应仅是预测性的。心电图分析表明,这两种实验条件在自主神经系统中引起不同的反应,特别是在交感神经功能方面,并且副交感神经功能与预测时机相关。为了说明主要发现,根据计时策略,即预期和回顾性计时,讨论了两个时间估计之间的差异,这反映了对注意力和记忆过程的不同重视。而且,每种计时方法,即口头估计,产生或比较判断,都具有不同的特征,例如以时间单位量化持续时间或了解目标持续时间,这可能是造成差异的原因。还讨论了预测时间估计与副交感神经系统之间的关系。

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