満と解--晋南朝人制度の再検討にむけて

摘要

In the Southern Dynasties, the authorities could expire bureaucrats' terms of office compulsorily by giving them "滿報" or "滿叙". Those bureaucrats were displaced from their offices, but they had the same rights as when they had hold offices. In other words, the bureaucrats those who expired their terms without negligent could get these rights. This indicates that the seniority-based 功次 promotion in the Han Dynasty came down to the Southern Dynasties and that the concept of the former rank 前資 in the Tang Dynasty had already built up by then. At that time, there are many cases that bureaucrats without negligent had to leave the post before they expire their term of offices and this meant demotion. In order to prevent their demotion, the authorities gave them the appropriate title of generals 將軍 instead of the displaced office. But lower ranking bureaucrats were not given these alternative generals. When their superiors - higher-ranking bureaucrats- were promoted to the other office, sometimes their office was reduced or eliminated, so they often lost the position without expiration and couldn't accumulate their career. In a certain sense, this systematic error supported the aristocracy of the Southern Dynasties.