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Understanding and imitating actions: Dissociable neural mechanisms

机译:理解和模仿动作:可分离的神经机制

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摘要

The human "mirror neuron system" has been proposed to be the neural substrate that underlies understanding and, possibly, imitating actions. However, since the brain activity with mirror properties seems insufficient to provide a good description for imitation of actions outside one's own repertoire, the existence of supplementary processes has been proposed. Moreover, it is unclear whether action observation requires the same neural mechanisms as the explicit access to their meaning. The aim of this study was two-fold as we investigated whether action observation requires different processes depending on 1) whether the ultimate goal is to imitate or understand the presented actions and 2) whether the to-be-imitated actions are familiar or unfamiliar to the subject. Participants were presented with both meaningful familiar actions and meaningless unfamiliar actions that they had to either imitate or discriminate later. Event-related Potentials were used as differences in brain activity could have been masked by the use of other techniques with lower temporal resolution. In the imitation task, a sustained left frontal negativity was more pronounced for meaningless actions than for meaningful ones, starting from an early time-window. Conversely, observing unfamiliar versus familiar actions with the intention of discriminating them led to marked differences over right centro-posterior scalp regions, in both middle and latest time-windows. These findings suggest that action imitation and action understanding may be sustained by dissociable mechanisms: while imitation of unfamiliar actions activates left frontal processes, that are likely to be related to learning mechanisms, action understanding involves dedicated operations which probably require right posterior regions, consistent with their involvement in social interactions. © 2012 Carmo et al.
机译:已经提出,人的“镜神经系统”是理解和可能模仿动作的基础。然而,由于具有镜面特性的大脑活动似乎不足以为模仿自身曲目之外的动作提供良好的描述,因此提出了辅助过程的存在。此外,尚不清楚动作观察是否需要与显式获取其含义相同的神经机制。这项研究的目的是双重的,因为我们调查了行为观察是否需要不同的过程,具体取决于以下方面:1)最终目标是模仿还是理解提出的行为,以及2)拟模仿的行为是否熟悉或不熟悉主题。向参与者展示了有意义的熟悉动作和后来他们不得不模仿或区别的无意义的陌生动作。使用事件相关电位,因为使用其他具有较低时间分辨率的技术可以掩盖大脑活动的差异。在模仿任务中,从较早的时间窗口开始,对于无意义的动作而言,持续的左额叶负性比有意义的动作更为明显。相反,观察目的是区分陌生的还是熟悉的动作,目的是在中间和最近的时间窗内,右中后头皮区域的明显差异。这些发现表明,动作模仿和动作理解可以通过可分离的机制来维持:虽然模仿陌生动作会激活可能与学习机制有关的左额叶过程,但动作理解涉及专门的操作,可能需要右后方的区域,与他们参与社交互动。 ©2012 Carmo等。

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