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Illusions of causality: How they bias our everyday thinking and how they could be reduced

机译:因果关系的幻象:它们如何偏向我们的日常思维以及如何减少它们

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摘要

Illusions of causality occur when people develop the belief that there is a causal connection between two events that are actually unrelated. Such illusions have been proposed to underlie pseudoscience and superstitious thinking, sometimes leading to disastrous consequences in relation to critical life areas, such as health, finances, and wellbeing. Like optical illusions, they can occur for anyone under well-known conditions. Scientific thinking is the best possible safeguard against them, but it does not come intuitively and needs to be taught. Teaching how to think scientifically should benefit from better understanding of the illusion of causality. In this article, we review experiments that our group has conducted on the illusion of causality during the last 20 years. We discuss how research on the illusion of causality can contribute to the teaching of scientific thinking and how scientific thinking can reduce illusion.
机译:当人们发展出这样的信念时,就会发生因果关系的错觉:两个实际上不相关的事件之间存在因果关系。有人提出这种幻觉是伪科学和迷信思想的基础,有时会导致与关键生命领域(如健康,财务和福祉)有关的灾难性后果。像光学错觉一样,它们可以在众所周知的条件下发生于任何人。科学的思维是对付他们的最好的保障,但是它不是凭直觉而来的,需要加以教导。教授如何科学思考应该从对因果关系错觉的更好理解中受益。在本文中,我们回顾了我们小组在过去20年中对因果关系的幻想进行的实验。我们讨论因果错觉的研究如何有助于科学思维的教学,以及科学思维如何减少错觉。

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