FDI对国内企业技术创新影响的理论与实证研究 = A theoretical and empirical study on the impacts of FDI on indigenous innovation in China

摘要

通过建立一个简单的经济模型，本文首先从理论上分析了外商直接投资（FDI）对一个发展中国家自主研发投入的互补和替代作用，并得出了一些理论推断。以世界银行对中国公司的调查数据为基础，本文对这些理论推断进行了实证检验。本文分析和探讨了几种不同的实证方法，以处理估测中潜在的内生性问题。本文的实证研究一致地得出了两个主要结论：第一，一个公司在研发方面的投入随其引进的外商投资数量的增多而减少；第二，行业层面的FDI对该行业中那些外商投资较多的企业的研发投入起更大的积极的影响作用。综合这两方面的结果，本文的估测结果显示FDI对中国国内研发投入的净作用是负的。这些实证发现与本文的理论推断基本相符。This paper conducts a theoretical and empirical investigation of the effects of FDI on indigenous technological effort. It develops a simple model that demonstrates the complementary effect and substitution effect of FDI on domestic Ru26D for a developing country. The theoretical analysis yields several hypotheses, which are tested based on a firm-level survey data in China. Our empirical study explores several empirical methodologies that tackle the potential endogeneity problem, and generates two main findings. First, a firm’s expenditure on research and development (Ru26D) decreases with the amount of FDI it receives. Second, sector-level FDI has a greater positive impact on the Ru26D effort for the firms with more foreign presence. Combining these two effects together, we find that the net effect of FDI on indigenous Ru26D effort is negative.