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Spatio-Temporal Analyses of Symbiodinium Physiology of the Coral Pocillopora verrucosa along Large-Scale Nutrient and Temperature Gradients in the Red Sea

机译:红海珊瑚沿大营养和温度梯度的共生蓝藻共生生理的时空分析

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摘要

Algal symbionts (zooxanthellae, genus Symbiodinium) of scleractinian corals respond strongly to temperature, nutrient and light changes. These factors vary greatly along the north-south gradient in the Red Sea and include conditions, which are outside of those typically considered optimal for coral growth. Nevertheless, coral communities thrive throughout the Red Sea, suggesting that zooxanthellae have successfully acclimatized or adapted to the harsh conditions they experience particularly in the south (high temperatures and high nutrient supply). As such, the Red Sea is a region, which may help to better understand how zooxanthellae and their coral hosts successfully acclimatize or adapt to environmental change (e. g. increased temperatures and localized eutrophication). To gain further insight into the physiology of coral symbionts in the Red Sea, we examined the abundance of dominant Symbiodinium types associated with the coral Pocillopora verrucosa, and measured Symbiodinium physiological characteristics (i.e. photosynthetic processes, cell density, pigmentation, and protein composition) along the latitudinal gradient of the Red Sea in summer and winter. Despite the strong environmental gradients from north to south, our results demonstrate that Symbiodinium microadriaticum (type A1) was the predominant species in P. verrucosa along the latitudinal gradient. Furthermore, measured physiological characteristics were found to vary more with prevailing seasonal environmental conditions than with region-specific differences, although the measured environmental parameters displayed much higher spatial than temporal variability. We conclude that our findings might present the result of long-term acclimatization or adaptation of S. microadriaticum to regionally specific conditions within the Red Sea. Of additional note, high nutrients in the South correlated with high zooxanthellae density indicating a compensation for a temperature-driven loss of photosynthetic performance, which may prove promising for the resilience of these corals under increase of temperature increase and eutrophication.
机译:巩膜珊瑚的藻共生体(zooxanthellae,Symbiodinium属)对温度,养分和光照变化有强烈的反应。这些因素沿红海的南北梯度变化很大,并且包括一些条件,这些条件通常不被认为是珊瑚生长的最佳条件。然而,珊瑚群落在整个红海中繁衍生息,这表明虫黄藻已成功地适应或适应了他们所经历的严酷条件,特别是在南部(高温和高养分供应)。因此,红海是一个地区,可能有助于更好地了解人字虫及其珊瑚宿主如何成功地适应或适应环境变化(例如,温度升高和局部富营养化)。为了进一步了解红海中的珊瑚共生体的生理学,我们研究了与珊瑚蓝藻相关的主要共生体类型,并测量了共生体的生理特征(即光合作用,细胞密度,色素沉着和蛋白质组成)。夏季和冬季,红海的纬度梯度。尽管从北到南存在强烈的环境梯度,但我们的结果表明,沿着横向梯度,S.biobiodinium microadriaticum(A1型)是疣状假单胞菌的主要物种。此外,发现测量的生理特征在主要的季节性环境条件下比在区域特定差异下变化更大,尽管测量的环境参数显示出比时间变化高得多的空间。我们得出的结论是,我们的发现可能提出了长期适应或适应红海地区细微链球菌的结果。另外值得注意的是,南部的高养分与高虫黄藻密度相关,表明对温度驱动的光合作用性能的损失进行了补偿,这可能证明这些珊瑚在温度升高和富营养化增加下的复原力很有希望。

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