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Microbial Degradation of Gasoline in Soil: Effect of Season of Sampling

机译:土壤中汽油的微生物降解:采样季节的影响

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摘要

In cases where fire debris contains soil, microorganisms can rapidly and irreversibly alter the chemical composition of any ignitable liquid residue that may be present. In this study, differences in microbial degradation due to the season in which the sample is collected was examined. Soil samples were collected from the same site during Fall, Winter, Spring and Summer and the degradation of gasoline was monitored over 30 days. Predominant viable bacterial populations enumerated using real-time PCR and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) enumeration revealed the predominant viable bacterial genera to be Alcaligenes, Bacillus, and Flavobacterium. Overall, the compounds most vulnerable to microbial degradation are the n-alkanes, followed by the mono-substituted alkylbenzenes (e.g., toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene and isopropylbenzene). Benzaldehyde (a degradation product of toluene) was also identified as a marker for the extent of biodegradation. Ultimately, it was determined that soil collected during an unusually hot and dry summer exhibited the least degradation with little to no change in gasoline for up to 4 days, readily detectable n-alkanes for up to 7 days and relatively high levels of resilient compounds such as o-xylene, p-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. These results demonstrate, however, that prompt preservation and/or analysis of soil evidence is required in order to properly classify an ignitable liquid residue.
机译:在火渣包含土壤的情况下,微生物会迅速且不可逆地改变可能存在的任何可燃液体残留物的化学组成。在这项研究中,研究了由于样品采集季节导致的微生物降解差异。在秋季,冬季,春季和夏季从同一地点采集土壤样品,并在30天内监测汽油的降解。使用实时PCR和逆转录酶聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)枚举的主要活菌种群显示,主要的活菌属是产碱菌,芽孢杆菌和黄杆菌。总体而言,最容易被微生物降解的化合物是正构烷烃,其次是单取代的烷基苯(例如甲苯,乙苯,丙基苯和异丙基苯)。苯甲醛(甲苯的降解产物)也被鉴定为生物降解程度的标志。最终,确定在异常炎热和干燥的夏季收集的土壤表现出最少的降解,长达4天的汽油变化不大或几乎没有变化,长达7天的易检测到的正构烷烃以及相对较高的弹性化合物含量,例如作为邻二甲苯,对二甲苯和1,3,5-三甲基苯。但是,这些结果表明,需要对土壤证据进行迅速的保存和/或分析,以便对可燃液体残余物进行适当分类。

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