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A multi-approach model to optimize municipal solid waste management: an application to an Italian metropolitan area

机译:用于优化城市固体废物管理的多方法模型:在意大利大都市地区的应用

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摘要

In the last decade, people concerns and regulations pressure have made sustainability and waste management key topics both in political and companies agendas. The European Commission (EC) with its new Directive on waste (2008/98/CE) has set as a main goal for every Member State government to radically minimize the negative environmental impacts from producing and managing waste. Thus, the aim is to facilitate and promote the differentiated waste collection starting from local municipalities, in order to udstrongly increase the percentage of waste that can be recovered and recycled. Although at international level some organizational models have been proposed, they are not extensively applicable because of peculiarities in each country. Moreover, most of these models are focused on manufactures or final users rather than on municipalities. Literature does not present many reference models to support these critical actors in their strategic decisions. In particular, there seem not to be any models which can deal simultaneously with operating cost, legislative targets and the way these elements vary in function of waste quality and efficiency of the reverse logistics system. Therefore, objective of this paper is to introduce a model which supports the uddecision making process in designing a reverse system for Municipality Solid Waste Management (MSWM). Specifically, the model aims to determine which sites (selection, processing and disposal facilities) needs to be opened and the optimal waste quantity - per each collection alternatives (i.e. diversified or undiversified) - to udbe sent through different sites, taking into account transportation and processing cost on top of the targets imposed by current legislation. A genetic optimization algorithm is adopted to solve the model. Then, a validation has been performed using a data set representing a real municipality operating in a large metropolitan area in Italy.
机译:在过去的十年中,人们的关注和法规压力已将可持续性和废物管理作为政治和公司议程中的关键主题。欧盟委员会(EC)制定了新的废物指令(2008/98 / CE),将其作为每个成员国政府从根本上最大程度地减少生产和管理废物所带来的负面环境影响的主要目标。因此,目的是促进和促进从地方市政当局开始的有区别的废物收集工作,以大大提高可回收和再循环废物的百分比。尽管在国际上已经提出了一些组织模型,但是由于每个国家的特殊性,它们并未广泛应用。此外,这些模型中的大多数都针对制造商或最终用户,而不是市政当局。文献中没有提供很多参考模型来支持这些关键角色的战略决策。特别是,似乎没有任何模型可以同时处理运营成本,立法目标以及这些要素在废物质量和逆向物流系统效率方面的变化方式。因此,本文的目的是引入一个模型,该模型在设计市政固体废物管理(MSWM)反向系统时支持决策过程。具体来说,该模型旨在确定需要开放哪些站点(选择,处理和处置设施),以及考虑到运输,通过不同站点发送的最佳废物量(每个收集替代方案(即多样化或非多样化))以及除现行法规规定的目标之外的处理成本。采用遗传优化算法对该模型进行求解。然后,已经使用代表在意大利大都市区中运营的真实市政当局的数据集执行了验证。

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