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Micronutrients in cereal crops

机译:谷类作物中的微量元素

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摘要

Seven elements essential for plants are defined as micronutrients: boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). Deficiency of these nutrients can cause yield losses in crops and impaired crop quality. The overall aim of this thesis work was to increase the knowledge how micronutrients in Swedish cereal crops are affected by nutrient management and soil properties in order to improve crop status and avoid yield losses. Data from long term and short term Swedish field trials and a Swedish monitoring programme were evaluated to examine impacts of nutrient management and soil properties on crop accumulation. In addition, soil depletion was quantified and methods for prediction of micronutrient availability in soil were assessed.ud udAlthough crop production solely with mineral fertilizers may result in depletion of micronutrients in arable soil, results showed that depletion rate is slow and difficult to detect, even over decades. Repeated applications of organic fertilizers caused micronutrient accumulation in soil, but generally did not result in increased micronutrient concentrations in cereal crops. Instead, soil properties affecting micronutrient availability were of greater importance for crop accumulation.ududHigh nitrogen (N) fertilization rates resulted in increased concentrations of most micronutrients in winter wheat, whereas the micronutrient to N ratio generally decreased. Accumulation of micronutrients during crop growth differed from N uptake patterns, possibly due to differing availability in soil. Nitrogen fertilization rate had no or minor effects on the accumulation dynamics or translocation from shoot to grain of micronutrients, except for Fe.ud udEasily accessible data such as total micronutrient concentration in soil in combination with pH or analysis of grain concentrations can be useful tools for estimation of micronutrient availability in soils. New methods of soil analysis, such as diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) also showed promising results in predicting Cu uptake in wheat.ududThe results presented in this thesis can be useful in identification of fields with an elevated risk of micronutrient deficiency in cereal crops.
机译:微量元素定义为植物必不可少的七个元素:硼(B),铜(Cu),铁(Fe),锰(Mn),钼(Mo),镍(Ni)和锌(Zn)。这些营养素的缺乏会导致农作物减产并损害农作物质量。本文工作的总体目标是增加对瑞典谷物作物中微量营养素如何受养分管理和土壤特性影响的知识,从而改善作物状况并避免单产损失。评估了瑞典长期和短期田间试验的数据以及瑞典监测计划的数据,以检查养分管理和土壤特性对作物积累的影响。此外,对土壤耗竭进行了定量分析,并评估了预测土壤中微量营养素可利用性的方法。 ud ud尽管仅使用矿物肥料进行作物生产可能会导致耕地土壤中微量营养素的耗竭,但结果表明耗竭速度缓慢且难以检测,甚至数十年来。重复施用有机肥料会导致土壤中微量营养素的积累,但通常不会导致谷物作物中微量营养素的浓度增加。取而代之的是,影响微量营养素可利用性的土壤特性对于作物的积累更为重要。高氮肥水平导致冬小麦中大多数微量营养素的浓度增加,而微量营养素与氮的比率通常下降。作物生长过程中微量营养素的积累不同于氮素的吸收方式,这可能是由于土壤中的有效性不同。除铁外,氮肥的施肥速率对微量元素的累积动态或从茎向谷物的转运没有影响或影响很小。 ud ud易于获取的数据,例如土壤中总微量营养素浓度与pH值或谷物浓度的分析都可能有用估算土壤中微量营养素有效性的工具。土壤分析的新方法,例如薄膜中的扩散梯度(DGT),在预测小麦中的铜吸收量方面也显示出可喜的结果。 ud ud本论文中的结果可用于鉴定微量元素缺乏风险较高的田地在谷类作物中。

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    Hamnér Karin;

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  • 年度 2016
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