Tiers en urgences. Les interactions de secours, de l'appel au 18 à l'accueil en service d'urgences pédiatriques. Contribution à une sociologie du tiers.

摘要

Emergency department professional, passer-by, parent represent three main characters of emergencies and first aid situations, from the call to the Fire Brigade to the arriving in pediatric emergency services. The research is grounded in three fieldworks (Paris fire Brigade call centre and two big pediatric emergency services). It intends to unfold three types of participation through the activities done by those three characters, especially during interactions at the very beginning of the situation. Their coordination, articulation, and even contiguity reveal their activities toward patients and show a triadic structure of the first aid interactions through which patients enter helping and medical processes. From alert to action, cure to care, medical acts to following care, the emergency situation enlarges, implies more people than just a patient and a professional all of them only partly conscious of each other‘s activities, other places than just emergency services, and other tempos than the one of the professionals. We aim at showing that first aid interaction is neither dyadic nor just institution matter. It is built collectively, on roles and places for third parties. The recognition of this helping third as sociological character and of triad as an interactional specific pattern is necessary to pragmatically consider first-aid system as a set of plural commitments, crossing familial, civic and expert fields of concern. Theoretically, the research contributes to a third-party sociology by enlightening a third party dimension even if not triadic in first-aid intervention delivered by emergency public services.