Producción de antocianinas por medio de la elicitación con metil jasmonato, deficiencia de fósforo y exceso de sacarosa in vitro e in vivo en maíz blanco y maíz morado (Zea mays L.)

摘要

The feasibility of anthocyanin production in white and purple maize cultivated in vivo and in vitro was studied in order to create a protocol to elicitate secondary metabolites. Calli was produced from both maize varieties with the purpose to induce anthocyanin production. The treatments for the induction of in vitro calli were different for each maize variety. In white maize the best effects were obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with sprouts and 2,4-D concentrations of 2 and 3mg/L. In purple maize the best effect was obtained from N6 medium with sprouts and 2,4-D 2mg/L. A preliminary study was conducted using the best tissue cultures and methyl jasmonate was applied to elicitate anthocyanins. In vitro anthocyanin elicitation was not possible. In order to induce anthocyanins the treatments (methyl jasmonate, phosphorous deficiency and sucrose excess) were conducted in vivo in white and purple maize. The elicitation with white maize and phosphorous deficiency produced anthocyanins in greater quantity compared to its control (0.06 mg cyanidine-3- β-glucoside/g fresh weight). In vivo elicitation is an interesting method for the production of secondary metabolites, although the protocol needs conditions adjustments such as temperature, light, different types of elicitors and elicitor concentrations.