Análisis de residuos de plaguicidas químicos en alimentos de consumo humano con la metodología de laboratorio ELISA trabajo de investigación

摘要

In agriculture, the use of chemical pesticides has been considered as an indispensable activity to control plagues and diseases present in the processes and the crop. Residuality is one of the many negative consequences that affect food and it is caused by pesticides. Every year, different entities, such as, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), decide the concentration percentage grade of pesticides in different food to assure quality and condition of the product. In order to present a better residual knowledge of food, a pesticide analysis has been developed (organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroids) in three products (strawberries, potatoes and tomatoes) from four different markets. The samples of crust and pulp were analyzed by ELISA, the results of organophosphates and carbamates were positive/negative validated by its optical density (O.D.). The values over 0.50 are considered negative values and values under 0.50 are considered positive values. Finally, the strawberry crust has the higher O.D. to absorb organophosphates and carbamates. All samples show positive values between a 0.14-0.49 O.D. range. The pyrethroid pesticide analysis allow to evaluate the concentration of pesticide (ppb) in a quantitative analysis, proving that the organic and traditional strawberry crust have both higher levels of residuality (120 ppb and 75.63 ppb) exceeding the maximum level of allowed remnants (LMR) which determines that a 70 ppb value of residuality is acceptable.